在日常的使用過程中,時不時會遇到個別,或者大量的連接堆積在 MySQL 中的現(xiàn)象,這時一般會考慮使用 kill 命令強制殺死這些長時間堆積起來的連接,盡快釋放連接數(shù)和數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器的 CPU 資源。
在實際操作 kill 命令的時候,有時候會發(fā)現(xiàn)連接并沒有第一時間被 kill 掉,仍舊在 processlist 里面能看到,但是顯示的 Command 為 Killed,而不是常見的 Query 或者是 Execute 等。例如:
mysql> show processlist; +----+------+--------------------+--------+---------+------+--------------+---------------------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+--------------------+--------+---------+------+--------------+---------------------------------+ | 31 | root | 192.168.1.10:50410 | sbtest | Query | 0 | starting | show processlist | | 32 | root | 192.168.1.10:50412 | sbtest | Query | 62 | User sleep | select sleep(3600) from sbtest1 | | 35 | root | 192.168.1.10:51252 | sbtest | Killed | 47 | Sending data | select sleep(100) from sbtest1 | | 36 | root | 192.168.1.10:51304 | sbtest | Query | 20 | Sending data | select sleep(3600) from sbtest1 | +----+------+--------------------+--------+---------+------+--------------+---------------------------------+
遇事不決先翻官方文檔,這里摘取部分官方文檔的內(nèi)容:
When you use KILL, a thread-specific kill flag is set for the thread. In most cases, it might take some time for the thread to die because the kill flag is checked only at specific intervals:During SELECT operations, for ORDER BY and GROUP BY loops, the flag is checked after reading a block of rows. If the kill flag is set, the statement is aborted.
ALTER TABLE operations that make a table copy check the kill flag periodically for each few copied rows read from the original table. If the kill flag was set, the statement is aborted and the temporary table is deleted.
The KILL statement returns without waiting for confirmation, but the kill flag check aborts the operation within a reasonably small amount of time. Aborting the operation to perform any necessary cleanup also takes some time.
During UPDATE or DELETE operations, the kill flag is checked after each block read and after each updated or deleted row. If the kill flag is set, the statement is aborted. If you are not using transactions, the changes are not rolled back.
GET_LOCK() aborts and returns NULL.
If the thread is in the table lock handler (state: Locked), the table lock is quickly aborted.
If the thread is waiting for free disk space in a write call, the write is aborted with a “disk full” error message.
官方文檔第一段就很明確的說清楚了 kill 的作用機制:會給連接的線程設(shè)置一個線程級別的 kill 標(biāo)記,等到下一次“標(biāo)記檢測”的時候才會生效。這也意味著如果下一次“標(biāo)記檢測”遲遲沒有發(fā)生,那么就有可能會出現(xiàn)問題描述中的現(xiàn)象。
官方文檔中列舉了不少的場景,這里根據(jù)官方的描述列舉幾個比較常見的問題場景:
這里借用一個參數(shù)innodb_thread_concurrency來模擬阻塞 SQL 語句正常執(zhí)行的場景:
Defines the maximum number of threads permitted inside of InnoDB. A value of 0 (the default) is interpreted as infinite concurrency (no limit). This variable is intended for performance tuning on high concurrency systems.
參照官方文檔的描述,這個參數(shù)設(shè)置得比較低的時候,超過數(shù)量限制的 InnoDB 查詢會被阻塞。因此在本次模擬中,這個參數(shù)被設(shè)置了一個非常低的值。
mysql> show variables like '%innodb_thread_concurrency%'; +---------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------+-------+ | innodb_thread_concurrency | 1 | +---------------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
然后開兩個數(shù)據(jù)庫連接(Session 1 和 Session 2),分別執(zhí)行select sleep(3600) from sbtest.sbtest1
語句,然后在第三個連接上 kill 掉 Session 2 的查詢:
Session 1: mysql> select sleep(3600) from sbtest.sbtest1; Session 2: mysql> select sleep(3600) from sbtest.sbtest1; ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server during query mysql> Session 3: mysql> show processlist; +----+------+--------------------+------+---------+------+--------------+----------------------------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+--------------------+------+---------+------+--------------+----------------------------------------+ | 44 | root | 172.16.64.10:39290 | NULL | Query | 17 | User sleep | select sleep(3600) from sbtest.sbtest1 | | 45 | root | 172.16.64.10:39292 | NULL | Query | 0 | starting | show processlist | | 46 | root | 172.16.64.10:39294 | NULL | Query | 5 | Sending data | select sleep(3600) from sbtest.sbtest1 | +----+------+--------------------+------+---------+------+--------------+----------------------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> kill 46; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show processlist; +----+------+--------------------+------+---------+------+--------------+----------------------------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+--------------------+------+---------+------+--------------+----------------------------------------+ | 44 | root | 172.16.64.10:39290 | NULL | Query | 26 | User sleep | select sleep(3600) from sbtest.sbtest1 | | 45 | root | 172.16.64.10:39292 | NULL | Query | 0 | starting | show processlist | | 46 | root | 172.16.64.10:39294 | NULL | Killed | 14 | Sending data | select sleep(3600) from sbtest.sbtest1 | +----+------+--------------------+------+---------+------+--------------+----------------------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
可以看到,kill 命令執(zhí)行之后,Session 2 的連接馬上就斷開了,但是 Session 2 發(fā)起的查詢?nèi)耘f殘留在 MySQL 中。當(dāng)然,如果是因為innodb_thread_concurrency
這個參數(shù)導(dǎo)致了類似的問題的話,直接使用set global
的命令調(diào)高上限,或者直接設(shè)置為 0 就可以解決,這個參數(shù)的變更是實時對所有連接生效的。
MySQL 的 kill 操作并不是想象中的直接強行終止數(shù)據(jù)庫連接,只是發(fā)送了一個終止的信號,如果 SQL 自身的執(zhí)行效率過慢,或者受到其他的因素影響(服務(wù)器負載高,觸發(fā)大量數(shù)據(jù)回滾)的話,那么這個 kill 的操作很有可能并不能及時終止這些問題查詢,反而可能會因為程序側(cè)連接被斷開之后觸發(fā)重連,產(chǎn)生更多的低效查詢,進一步拖垮數(shù)據(jù)庫。
以上就是MySQL kill不掉線程的原因的詳細內(nèi)容,更多關(guān)于MySQL kill線程的資料請關(guān)注腳本之家其它相關(guān)文章!
標(biāo)簽:麗水 南充 西寧 自貢 龍巖 無錫 徐州 迪慶
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