python實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單的學(xué)生管理系統(tǒng)

#Student.ini文件
[Student]
student = Student_LinkList

[Persistence]
persistence = Persistence_Pickle
file = student.pik

'''
使用單鏈表實(shí)現(xiàn)的學(xué)生管理系統(tǒng)
'''
import pickle
import abc
import configparser

class Student(abc.ABC):
  '''
  抽象學(xué)生類
  '''
  @abc.abstractmethod
  def add(self):
    '''
    增加學(xué)生結(jié)點(diǎn)
    '''
    pass

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def ladd(self):
    '''
    從左側(cè)增加學(xué)生結(jié)點(diǎn)
    '''
    pass

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def delete(self,id_):
    '''
    根據(jù)id值來(lái)刪除一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)
    '''
    pass

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def delete_name(self,name):
    '''
    根據(jù)姓名來(lái)刪除一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)
    '''
    pass

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def insert(self,idx,val):
    '''
    插入到指定的位置
    '''
    pass

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def show(self):
    '''
    顯示所有的學(xué)生結(jié)點(diǎn)
    '''
    pass

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def search_id(self):
    '''
    根據(jù)id查詢節(jié)點(diǎn)
    '''
    pass

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def search_name(self):
    '''
    根據(jù)name查詢節(jié)點(diǎn)
    '''

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def modity_id(self):
    '''
    根據(jù)id找到節(jié)點(diǎn)，然后修改
    '''
    pass



class Node(object):
  '''
  學(xué)生鏈表結(jié)點(diǎn)
  '''
  def __init__(self,id_: int,name: str,sex: str,age: int,score: int):
    self.id = id_
    self.name = name
    self.sex = sex
    self.age = age
    self.score = score

    self.next = None

  def modity(self,id_,name,sex,age,score):
    '''
    修改
    '''
    self.id = id_
    self.name = name
    self.sex = sex
    self.age = age
    self.score = score


  def __str__(self):
    '''
    用于顯示輸出
    '''
    return f"[學(xué)生:{self.id:^2}]-->name:{self.name:^10}sex:{self.sex:^10}age:{self.age:^10}score:{self.score:^10}"

class Student_LinkList(Student):
  '''
  學(xué)生鏈表
  '''
  def __init__(self):
    self.head = Node(-1,'head','-1',-1,-1)
    self.length = 0
    self.tail = self.head #尾部結(jié)點(diǎn)用于尾插

  def add(self,id_,name,sex,age,score):
    '''
    添加一個(gè)學(xué)生結(jié)點(diǎn),尾插
    '''
    #print('當(dāng)前tail的值',self.tail)
    temp = Node(id_,name,sex,age,score)
    self.tail.next = temp 
    self.tail = self.tail.next

    self.length += 1
    print('[info]:添加成功')

  def ladd(self,id_,name,sex,age,score):
    '''
    添加一個(gè)學(xué)生，頭插
    '''
    temp = Node(id_,name,sex,age,score)
    temp.next = self.head.next
    self.head.next = temp

    if self.tail == self.head:
      self.tail = temp

    self.length += 1
    print('[info]:添加成功')

  def delete(self,id_):
    '''
    根據(jù)id值來(lái)刪除一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn),用迭代實(shí)現(xiàn)
    '''
    p = self.head
    while p.next != None and p.next.id != id_:
      p = p.next

    if p.next == None:
      print('[error]:找不到id')
      return -1
    else:
      temp = p.next
      p.next = temp.next
      #如果刪除的是尾結(jié)點(diǎn)，還要移動(dòng)tail
      if temp.next == None:
        self.tail = p
      del temp
    print('[info]:刪除成功')

  def delete_name(self,name):
    '''
    根據(jù)姓名來(lái)刪除一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)，用遞歸實(shí)現(xiàn)
    '''
    def _func(node: Node,name: str):
      '''
      遞歸函數(shù)
      '''
      #到了尾巴節(jié)點(diǎn)了，還沒(méi)有找到
      if node.next == None:
        print('[info]:找不到name')
        return False
      elif node.next.name == name:
        temp = node.next
        node.next = temp.next
        #如果刪除的是尾結(jié)點(diǎn)，還要移動(dòng)tail
        if temp.next == None:
          self.tail = node
        del temp
        print('[info]:刪除成功')
        return True
      else:
        return _func(node.next,name)

    t = self.head
    return _func(t,name)

  def insert(self,idx,id_,name,sex,age,score):
    '''
    在指定位置插入數(shù)據(jù)
    '''
    if idx > self.length or idx == 0:
      print(f'[error]:你輸入的索引非法(1-{self.length})')
      return 0
    p,cur = self.head,0
    while p != None and cur  idx-1:
      p = p.next

    if cur  idx-1:
      return -1
    else:
      temp = Node(id_,name,sex,age,score)
      temp.next = p.next
      p.next = temp
      return True
    print('[info]:插入成功')

  def search_id(self,id_):
    '''
    根據(jù)id查詢節(jié)點(diǎn)
    '''
    p = self.head
    while p != None and p.id != id_:
      p = p.next
    if p == None:
      return -1
    else:
      return p

  def search_name(self,name):
    '''
    根據(jù)name查詢節(jié)點(diǎn)
    '''
    p = self.head
    
    def _func(node: Node,name: str):
      '''
      遞歸函數(shù)
      '''
      if node == None:
        return -1
      elif node.name == name:
        return node
      return _func(node.next,name)

    return _func(p,name)

  def modity_id(self,id0,id_,name,sex,age,score):
    '''
    根據(jù)id找到節(jié)點(diǎn)，然后修改
    '''
    node = self.search_id(id0)
    if node == -1:
      print('[error]:找不到該id')
      return -1
    else:
      node.modity(id_,name,sex,age,score)


  def show(self):
    '''
    顯示所有的學(xué)生結(jié)點(diǎn),迭代
    '''
    print(f'\n{"-"*25}以下是系統(tǒng)內(nèi)數(shù)據(jù){"-"*25}')
    temp = []
    p = self.head
    while p != None:
      temp.append(p)
      p = p.next
    return temp

class Student_Array():
  '''
  用數(shù)組實(shí)現(xiàn)學(xué)生數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)
  '''
  pass

class Student_Queue():
  '''
  用隊(duì)列實(shí)現(xiàn)
  '''
  pass

class Student_Dict():
  '''
  用隊(duì)列實(shí)現(xiàn)
  '''
  pass

class Persistence(abc.ABC):
  '''
  鏈表數(shù)據(jù)的持久化
  '''
  @abc.abstractmethod
  def save(self):
    '''
    把對(duì)象保存
    '''
    pass

  @abc.abstractmethod
  def load(self):
    '''
    加載對(duì)象
    '''
    pass

class Persistence_Pickle(Persistence):
  '''
  使用pickle來(lái)序列化
  '''
  def __init__(self,cls: Student,file_):
    self.filename = file_
    self.obj = None
    self.cls = cls

  def save(self):
    with open(self.filename,'wb') as f:
      pickle.dump(self.obj,f)

  def load(self):
    try:
      with open(self.filename,'rb') as f:
        temp = pickle.load(f)
    except:
      temp = globals()[self.cls]()
    print('返回temp:',type(temp))
    self.obj = temp
    return temp

class Persistence_File(Persistence):
  '''
  使用文件來(lái)持久化
  '''
  pass

class Persistence_Mysql(Persistence):
  '''
  使用Mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)來(lái)持久化
  '''
  pass

class Persistence_Socket(Persistence):
  '''
  使用遠(yuǎn)程套接字持久化
  '''
  pass

class MyConfigure(object):
  '''
  用來(lái)讀取配置文件的類
  '''
  def __init__(self):
    self.config = configparser.ConfigParser()

  def save(self):
    '''
    保存配置文件
    '''
    with open('Student.ini','w') as f:
      self.config.write(f)

  def load(self):
    '''
    加載配置文件
    '''
    self.config.read('Student.ini')

  def get_student_class(self):
    '''
    獲得Student該使用哪個(gè)子類
    '''
    return self.config['Student']['student']

  def get_persistence_class(self):
    '''
    獲得持久化，該使用那個(gè)類，
    如果是Pickle或文件，還有file作為保存的文件名
    '''
    temp = {}
    temp['persistence'] = self.config['Persistence']['persistence']
    if 'Persistence_Pickle' in temp['persistence']:
      temp['file'] = self.config['Persistence']['file']
    return temp

class UI(object):
  '''
  界面交互
  '''
  def __init__(self):
    self.config = MyConfigure()
    self.config.load()
    s_class = self.config.get_student_class()
    p_class = self.config.get_persistence_class()

    self.persistence = globals()[p_class['persistence']](s_class,p_class['file'])
    self.student = self.persistence.load()
    print('實(shí)例化成功:',self.student,self.persistence)

  def save(self):
    '''
    把數(shù)據(jù)保存
    '''
    self.persistence.save()

  def quit(self):
    '''
    退出:先保存配置，然后退出
    '''
    self.config.save()
    self.save()

  def _show(self):
    '''
    顯示所有學(xué)生節(jié)點(diǎn)
    '''
    return self.student.show()


  def _add(self,direction,*temp):
    '''
    增加學(xué)生結(jié)點(diǎn),
    direction 1左添加，2右添加
    '''
    if direction == 1:
      self.student.ladd(*temp)
    elif direction == 2:
      self.student.add(*temp)

  def _delete(self,attribute: int,val: str):
    '''
    刪除學(xué)生節(jié)點(diǎn)
    attribute: 需要根據(jù)哪個(gè)屬性刪除，1.id 或 2.name
    '''
    if attribute == 1:
      self.student.delete(val)
    elif attribute == 2:
      self.student.delete_name(val)

  def _insert(self,idx,*temp):
    '''
    把學(xué)生節(jié)點(diǎn)插入到指定的位置
    '''
    self.student.insert(idx,*temp)

  def _search(self,attribute,val):
    '''
    查詢
    '''
    if attribute == 1:
      return self.student.search_id(val)
    elif attribute == 2:
      return self.student.search_name(val)

  def _modity(self,attribute,id_,*temp):
    '''
    修改
    '''
    if attribute == 1:
      self.student.modity_id(id_,*temp)
    elif attribute == 2:
      print('[info]:因?yàn)闆](méi)實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以什么也不做')
      pass #根據(jù)name修改沒(méi)有寫(xiě)




class Cmd_UI(UI):
  '''
  命令行的交互界面
  '''
  def __init__(self):
    super(Cmd_UI,self).__init__()

  def get_input_1_2(self,info: str):
    '''
    獲得輸入，返回1或者2
    info: 描述輸入的信息
    '''
    x = None
    while x == None:
      temp = input(info)
      if temp == '1':
        x = 1
      elif temp == '2':
        x = 2
      else:
        print('你只能輸入1或者2')
    return x

  def get_input_arg(self):
    '''
    獲得用戶的輸入構(gòu)造學(xué)生節(jié)點(diǎn)
    '''
    id_ = input('請(qǐng)輸入id')
    name = input('請(qǐng)輸入姓名')
    sex = input('請(qǐng)輸入性別')
    age = input('請(qǐng)輸入年齡')
    score = input('請(qǐng)輸入成績(jī)')
    return (id_,name,sex,age,score)

  def delete(self):
    '''
    刪除節(jié)點(diǎn)
    '''
    info = '你想要根據(jù)哪個(gè)屬性刪除節(jié)點(diǎn):1.id 2.name'
    attribute = self.get_input_1_2(info)
    val = input('輸入你想要?jiǎng)h除的值:')
    self._delete(attribute,val)

  def show(self):
    '''
    顯示
    '''
    rel = self._show()
    for i in rel:
      print(i)

  def add(self):
    '''
    增加學(xué)生結(jié)點(diǎn)
    '''
    info = '你想要插入的位置:1.左邊 2.右邊'
    direction = self.get_input_1_2(info)
    arg = self.get_input_arg()
    self._add(direction,*arg)

  def insert(self):
    '''
    新學(xué)生，插入到指定的位置
    '''
    idx = int(input('輸入要插入的位置'))
    temp = self.get_input_arg()
    self._insert(idx,*temp)

  def search(self):
    '''
    查詢學(xué)生
    '''
    info = '你想要根據(jù)哪個(gè)屬性搜索節(jié)點(diǎn):1.id 2.name'
    attribute = self.get_input_1_2(info)
    val = input('輸入你想要查詢的值:')

    print(self._search(attribute,val))

  def modity(self):
    '''
    修改學(xué)生信息
    '''
    info = '你想要根據(jù)哪個(gè)屬性搜索節(jié)點(diǎn):1.id 2.name'
    attribute = self.get_input_1_2(info)
    val_ = input('輸入要查詢的值:')
    temp = self.get_input_arg()
    self._modity(attribute,val_,*temp)

  def main(self):
    '''
    主流程
    '''
    info = '''
    *******************
    *kalpa學(xué)生管理系統(tǒng)*
    *  0.顯示數(shù)據(jù)  *
    *  1.增加數(shù)據(jù)  *
    *  2.刪除數(shù)據(jù)  *
    *  3.查詢數(shù)據(jù)  *
    *  4.修改數(shù)據(jù)  *
    *  5.保存并退出 *
    *******************
    '''
    print(info)
    a = '0'
    while a in ['0','1','2','3','4','5']:
      if a == '0':
        self.show()
      elif a == '1':
        self.add()
      elif a == '2':
        self.delete()
      elif a == '3':
        self.search()
      elif a == '4':
        self.modity()
      elif a == '5':
        self.quit()
        return
      a = input('>>')


if __name__ == "__main__":
  ui = Cmd_UI()
  ui.main()