Perl 最初的設(shè)計(jì)者為拉里·沃爾(Larry Wall),他于1987年12月18日發(fā)表。
Perl借取了C、sed、awk、shell scripting以及很多其他程序語(yǔ)言的特性。其中最重要的特性是它內(nèi)部集成了正則表達(dá)式的功能,以及巨大的第三方代碼庫(kù)CPAN。簡(jiǎn)而言之,Perl像C一樣強(qiáng)大,像awk、sed等腳本描述語(yǔ)言一樣方便,被稱之為“一種擁有各種語(yǔ)言功能的夢(mèng)幻腳本語(yǔ)言”、“Unix 中的王牌工具”。
Perl 一般被稱為“實(shí)用報(bào)表提取語(yǔ)言”(Practical Extraction and Report Language),你也可能看到“perl”,所有的字母都是小寫(xiě)的。一般,“Perl”,有大寫(xiě)的 P,是指語(yǔ)言本身,而“perl”,小寫(xiě)的 p,是指程序運(yùn)行的解釋器。
perl 官網(wǎng): https://www.perl.org
perl 源碼: http://www.cpan.org/src/5.0/
perlbrew:http://perlbrew.pl
perl 源碼安裝
wget http://www.cpan.org/src/5.0/perl-5.20.1.tar.gz
tar -xzf perl-5.20.1.tar.gz
cd perl-5.20.1
./Configure -des -Dprefix=$HOME/localperl
make
make test
make install
安裝 perl 之前需要先安裝 make, gcc
yum install gcc make
perl 升級(jí)安裝見(jiàn)下方 “perlbrew 安裝 perl”
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perlbrew 安裝
[root@ithomer ~]# yum install perlbrew
[root@ithomer ~]# perlbrew version
/usr/bin/perlbrew – App::perlbrew/0.28
cpan 安裝 perlbrew
sudo yum install cpan
sudo cpan App::perlbrew
perlbrew init
perlbrew version
perlbrew 初始化
[root@ithomer ~]# perlbrew init
Perlbrew environment initiated, required directories are created under/p>
p> ~/perl5/perlbrew/p>
p>Paste the following line(s) to the end of your ~/.bashrc and start a
new shell, perlbrew should be up and fully functional from there:/p>
p> source ~/perl5/perlbrew/etc/bashrc/p>
p>For further instructions, simply run `perlbrew` to see the help message./p>
p>Enjoy perlbrew at $HOME!!
根據(jù)上面提示,復(fù)制 source ~/perl5/perlbrew/etc/bashrc 粘貼到 ~/.bashrc 文件最后一行,保存。
perlbrew 安裝 perl
[root@ithomer ~]# perlbrew list
* /usr/bin/perl (5.10.1)
[root@ithomer ~]# perlbrew available
perl-5.21.6
perl-5.20.1
perl-5.18.4
perl-5.16.3
perl-5.14.4
perl-5.12.5
perl-5.10.1
perl-5.8.9
perl-5.6.2
perl5.005_04
perl5.004_05
perl5.003_07
[root@ithomer ~]# perlbrew install perl-5.20.1
Fetching perl-5.20.1 as /root/perl5/perlbrew/dists/perl-5.20.1.tar.gz
[root@ithomer ~]# perlbrew switch perl-5.20.1
[root@ithomer ~]# perlbrew list
* perl-5.20.1
/usr/bin/perl (5.10.1)
[root@ithomer ~]# perl -v/p>
p>This is perl 5, version 20, subversion 1 (v5.20.1) built for x86_64-linux/p>
p>Copyright 1987-2014, Larry Wall/p>
p>Perl may be copied only under the terms of either the Artistic License or the
GNU General Public License, which may be found in the Perl 5 source kit./p>
p>Complete documentation for Perl, including FAQ lists, should be found on
this system using “man perl” or “perldoc perl”. If you have access to the
Internet, point your browser at http://www.perl.org/, the Perl Home Page./p>
p>[root@ithomer ~]# perlbrew off
Fetching perl-5.20.1 as /root/perl5/perlbrew/dists/perl-5.20.1.tar.gz
[root@ithomer ~]# which perl
/root/perl5/perlbrew/perls/perl-5.20.1/bin/perl
說(shuō)明:
# Install 用perlbrew安裝perl指定版本,默認(rèn)下載目錄 /root/perl5/perlbrew/dists/perl-5.20.1.tar.gz
perlbrew install 5.20.1
perlbrew install perl-5.20.1/p>
p># List installed versions 列出已安裝的 perl 版本
perlbrew list/p>
p># Use a particular version 用perlbrew選擇特定的perl版本
perlbrew switch perl-5.20.1
perl -v/p>
p># 暫時(shí)不用perlbrew,可以把它關(guān)閉,關(guān)閉后切換perl版本會(huì)失效因此不要切換
perlbrew off
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cpan 安裝
[root@ithomer ~]# yum install cpan/p>
p>[root@ithomer ~]# cpan -v/p>
p>/usr/bin/cpan script version 1.9, CPAN.pm version 1.9402
cpan 安裝模塊(Test::More)
cpan Test::More