西北望鄉(xiāng)何處是，東南見月幾回圓。
月亮又慢悠悠的掛上了天空，趁著睡前夢(mèng)囈，我就帶領(lǐng)各位可愛的讀者們探索MySql最后的子查詢部分。
說明:有些查詢結(jié)果出來結(jié)果截圖與題目要求不一樣會(huì)出現(xiàn)多余的字段是為了方便展示結(jié)果的可讀性。實(shí)際操作的讀者可以刪除SELECT后面多余的字段得到正確的結(jié)果。
#WHERE或HAVING后面
#1.標(biāo)量子查詢(單行子查詢)
#2.列子查詢(多行子查詢)
#3.行子查詢(多列多行)
#特點(diǎn):
# ①子查詢放在小括號(hào)內(nèi)
# ②子查詢一般放在條件的右側(cè)
# ③標(biāo)量子查詢:一般搭配著單行操作符使用
# 單行操作符: > >= = > !-
# 列子查詢，一般搭配著多行操作符使用
# IN,ANY/SOME(任意),ALL
# ④子查詢的執(zhí)行優(yōu)先與主查詢執(zhí)行,主查詢的條件用到了子查詢的結(jié)果。
#1.標(biāo)量子查詢
#案例1:誰(shuí)的工資比Abel高？
#①查詢Abel的工資
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Abel';
#②查詢員工的信息，滿足Salary>①結(jié)果
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary>(SELECT salary FROM employees WHERE last_name='Abel');
#案例2.返回job_id與141號(hào)員工相同，salary比143號(hào)員工多的員工姓名，job_id,工資。
#①查141員工的job_id
SELECT job_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id='141';
#②查143員工的salary
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id='143';
#③最后合并結(jié)果
SELECT CONCAT(last_name,first_name) AS 姓名,
job_id AS 工種編號(hào),
salary AS 工資
FROM employees
WHERE job_id=(
SELECT job_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id='141'
)
AND salary>(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id='143'
);
#案例3.返回公司工資最少的員工的last_name,job_id和salary。
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees;
SELECT
last_name AS 姓,
salary AS 工資,
job_id AS 工種編號(hào)
FROM employees
WHERE salary=(
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
);
#案例4.查詢最低工資大于50號(hào)部門最低工資的部門id和其最低工資。
#①查50部門的最低工資
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE department_id=50;
#分組后，篩選條件①.【不用排除沒有部門的所以不篩選部門編號(hào)】
SELECT department_id AS 部門編號(hào),
MIN(salary) AS 月薪
FROM employees
#WHERE department_id
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING 月薪>(
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
);
#2.列子查詢(多行子查詢)
#返回多行
#使用多行比較操作符
#案例1.返回location_id是1400或1700的部門中的所有員工姓名。
#①查詢location_id是1400或1700的部門編號(hào)
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700);
#②查詢員工姓名，要求部門號(hào)是①列表的某一個(gè)
SELECT CONCAT(last_name,first_name) AS 姓名
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN (
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)
);
用ANY替代IN與上面同樣的結(jié)果
SELECT CONCAT(last_name,first_name) AS 姓名
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = ANY(
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)
);
#案例.返回location_id不是1400或1700的部門中的所有員工姓名。
SELECT CONCAT(last_name,first_name) AS 姓名
FROM employees
WHERE department_id NOT IN(
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)
);
==============================
SELECT CONCAT(last_name,first_name) AS 姓名
FROM employees
WHERE department_id > ALL(
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)
);
#案例2.返回其他工種中比job_id為IT_PROG部門任意一工資低的員工工號(hào),
# 姓名,job_id以及salary
#①把IT_PROG部門中的工資查出來
SELECT DISTINCT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id='IT_PROG';
#②把不是IT_PROG部門信息查出來
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE job_id != 'IT_PROG';
#③合并①與②在員工表中查出來
SELECT employee_id AS 員工編號(hào),
CONCAT(last_name,first_name) AS 姓名,
job_id AS 工種編號(hào),
salary AS 工資
FROM employees
WHERE job_id != 'IT_PROG'
AND salaryANY(
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id='IT_PROG'
);
用MAX代替ANY與上面同樣的效果
SELECT employee_id AS 員工編號(hào),
CONCAT(last_name,first_name) AS 姓名,
job_id AS 工種編號(hào),
salary AS 工資
FROM employees
WHERE job_id > 'IT_PROG'
AND salary(
SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE job_id='IT_PROG'
);
#案例3.返回其他部門中比job_id為‘IT_PROG'部門所有工資都低的員工
#的員工號(hào)，姓名，job_id以及salary。
#①先把IT_PROG部門的工資查出來。
SELECT DISTINCT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id='IT_PROG';
SELECT employee_id AS 員工號(hào),
CONCAT(last_name,first_name) AS 姓名,
job_id AS 工種編號(hào),
salary AS 工資
FROM employees
WHERE salaryALL(
SELECT DISTINCT salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id='IT_PROG'
)
AND job_id > 'IT_PROG';
=============================
MIN替代ALL
SELECT employee_id AS 員工號(hào),
CONCAT(last_name,first_name) AS 姓名,
job_id AS 工種編號(hào),
salary AS 工資
FROM employees
WHERE salary(
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE job_id='IT_PROG'
)
AND job_id > 'IT_PROG';
#3.行子查詢(結(jié)果集一行多列或者多行多列)
#案例1.查詢員工編號(hào)最小并且工資最高的員工信息.引入
SELECT MIN(employee_id)
FROM employees;
=================
SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees;
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = (
SELECT MIN(employee_id)
FROM employees
)
AND salary = (
SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees
);
這種查詢結(jié)果使用虛擬字段，單行操作符必須一致可以使用。查出來與上面同樣的效果。
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE (employee_id,salary)=(
SELECT MIN(employee_id),
MAX(salary)
FROM employees
);
#二.SELECT子查詢
#僅僅支持標(biāo)量子查詢，結(jié)果是一行一列
#案例1.查詢每個(gè)部門的員工個(gè)數(shù)
SELECT d.*,(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees)
FROM departments d;
添加條件
SELECT d.*,(SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM employees e
WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id
) AS 個(gè)數(shù)
FROM departments d;
#案例2.查詢員工號(hào)=102的部門名。
SELECT department_name
FROM departments;
==============
SELECT employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 102;
SELECT employee_id,
(
SELECT department_name
FROM departments d
WHERE e.department_id=d.department_id
)
FROM employees e
WHERE employee_id=102;
#三.FROM 后面
注意:將子查詢結(jié)果充當(dāng)一張表，要求必須起別名
#案例:查詢每個(gè)部門的平均工資等級(jí)。
SELECT ROUND(AVG(salary),2),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
SELECT e.平均工資,j.grade_level
FROM job_grades AS j
,(
SELECT ROUND(AVG(salary),2) AS 平均工資,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
) AS e
WHERE e.平均工資 BETWEEN j.lowest_sal AND j.highest_sal;
#1999語(yǔ)法，老師答案
SELECT e.*,j.grade_level
FROM (
SELECT ROUND(AVG(salary),2) AS 平均工資,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
) AS e
INNER JOIN job_grades j
ON e.平均工資 BETWEEN j.lowest_sal AND j.highest_sal;
#四.EXISTS后面(相關(guān)子查詢)
語(yǔ)法:EXISTS(完整的查詢語(yǔ)句)
備注:完整的查詢語(yǔ)句可以是一行一列，可以使一行多列
注意:先走外查詢，然后根據(jù)某個(gè)字段的值再去過濾
EXISTS 判斷(布爾類型)值存不存在,結(jié)果只有兩種:1有，0沒有
#引入
SELECT EXISTS(SELECT employee_id FROM employees);
查詢工資3W的員工信息
SELECT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary=30000);
#案例引入.查詢員工名和部門名
#查員工名與部門編號(hào)
SELECT first_name,department_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id;
#查部門名
SELECT department_name
FROM departments;
#查員工名與部門名
SELECT e.first_name,d.department_name
FROM employees e
INNER JOIN ( SELECT department_name,department_id
FROM departments
) AS d
ON e.department_id=d.department_id;
#案例1..查有員工的部門名
SELECT department_name
FROM departments d
WHERE EXISTS(
SELECT *
FROM employees e
WHERE d.department_id=e.department_id
);
使用IN代替EXISTS，同樣是上面的結(jié)果
SELECT department_name
FROM departments d
WHERE d.department_id IN(
SELECT department_id
FROM employees
);
#案例2.查詢沒有女朋友的男神信息
#IN方法
SELECT *
FROM boys bo
WHERE bo.id NOT IN(
SELECT boyfriend_id
FROM beauty be
);
===============
#EXISTS方法
SELECT *
FROM boys bo
WHERE NOT EXISTS(
SELECT boyfriend_id
FROM beauty be
WHERE bo.id=be.boyfriend_id
);
進(jìn)階9:聯(lián)合查詢
UNION 聯(lián)合 合并:將多條查詢語(yǔ)句的結(jié)果合并成一個(gè)結(jié)果。
語(yǔ)法:
查詢語(yǔ)句1
UNION
查詢語(yǔ)句2
UNION
...
應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景:
要查詢的結(jié)果來自于多個(gè)表，且多個(gè)表沒有直接的連接關(guān)系，
但查詢信息一致時(shí)。
網(wǎng)頁(yè)搜索內(nèi)容，內(nèi)容從不同的表中檢索聯(lián)合起來返回給用戶。
特點(diǎn):
1.要求多條查詢語(yǔ)句的查詢列數(shù)是一致的。
2.要求多條查詢語(yǔ)句的查詢的每一列的類型和順序最好一致。
3.使用UNION關(guān)鍵字默認(rèn)去重，如果使用UNION ALL全部展示，包含重復(fù)項(xiàng)
感謝能認(rèn)真讀到這里的伙伴們，MySql查詢部分結(jié)束，相信屏幕前的你照著我博客里的模板可以完成一些簡(jiǎn)單的SQL查詢語(yǔ)句，SQL既然學(xué)了，以后還是要多練習(xí)一下，SQL1992與1999語(yǔ)法在主流的關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)都是通用的。后續(xù)我會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行對(duì)MySql的知識(shí)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展，感興趣的同志互相關(guān)注一唄！o(^▽^)o
到此這篇關(guān)于MySql中子查詢內(nèi)查詢示例詳解的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)MySql 子查詢內(nèi)查詢內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！
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