分類 | 文本重疊 | 自由定位 | 樣式名稱 |
---|---|---|---|
嵌入型 | 否 | 否 | In line with text |
環(huán)繞型 | 否 | 是 | Square, Tight, Through, Top and bottom |
完全浮動(dòng) | 是 | 是 | behind text, In front of text |
例如最常見(jiàn)的嵌入型圖片,它占據(jù)了整行區(qū)域,我們既不能將其與文字重疊,也不能自由放置它的位置,而是由頁(yè)面排版自動(dòng)確定。對(duì)于環(huán)繞型圖片,文本可以進(jìn)入圖片所在行,但是無(wú)法與之重疊;并且,我們可以用鼠標(biāo)自由拖動(dòng)其位置。完全浮動(dòng)型圖片則可以浮于文本上方或者襯于文本下方,同時(shí)支持隨意放置其位置。
如果需要精確定位,則可在圖片版式的位置(Position)選項(xiàng)卡進(jìn)行設(shè)置。它提供了多種定位方式,例如絕對(duì)定位——根據(jù)圖片左上角點(diǎn)距離水平和豎直參考的坐標(biāo)值來(lái)定位。至于參考對(duì)象,可以是頁(yè)面(Page)本身,這樣(0, 0)
就是頁(yè)面左上角;也可以是邊距(Margin),此時(shí)(0, 0)
即為正文區(qū)域的左上角。
綜上,我們需要實(shí)現(xiàn)精確定位的襯于文本下方的圖片版式。
我們還知道,docx文檔的背后是xml格式的數(shù)據(jù),python-docx
正是通過(guò)處理xml的方式來(lái)讀寫(xiě)word文檔。所以,接下來(lái)先手工創(chuàng)建word文檔,然后查看圖片部分的xml內(nèi)容。
作為對(duì)比,首先分別創(chuàng)建一個(gè)普通嵌入型圖片文件和一個(gè)襯于文本下方的浮動(dòng)型圖片文件。然后執(zhí)行查看步驟:右鍵docx文件 | 7-zip打開(kāi)壓縮包 | word | document.xml,復(fù)制文件內(nèi)容并格式化xml,得到如下的關(guān)于圖片部分的片段。為了便于對(duì)比分析,刪除了一些節(jié)點(diǎn)屬性。
內(nèi)聯(lián)圖片片段:
w:drawing> wp:inline> wp:extent cx="3297600" cy="2782800"/> wp:effectExtent l="0" t="0" r="0" b="0"/> wp:docPr id="1" name="Picture 1"/> wp:cNvGraphicFramePr> a:graphicFrameLocks/> /wp:cNvGraphicFramePr> a:graphic> a:graphicData> pic:pic> !-- more pic content --> /pic:pic> /a:graphicData> /a:graphic> /wp:inline> /w:drawing>
浮動(dòng)圖片片段:
w:drawing> wp:anchor behindDoc="1" locked="0" layoutInCell="1" allowOverlap="1"> wp:simplePos x="0" y="0"/> wp:positionH relativeFrom="page"> wp:posOffset>285750/wp:posOffset> /wp:positionH> wp:positionV relativeFrom="page"> wp:posOffset>457200/wp:posOffset> /wp:positionV> wp:extent cx="3297600" cy="2782800"/> wp:effectExtent l="0" t="0" r="0" b="0"/> wp:wrapNone/> wp:docPr id="1" name="Picture 1"/> wp:cNvGraphicFramePr> a:graphicFrameLocks/> /wp:cNvGraphicFramePr> a:graphic> a:graphicData> pic:pic> !-- more pic content --> /pic:pic> /a:graphicData> /a:graphic> /wp:anchor> /w:drawing>
對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn)以下相同/相似點(diǎn):
w:drawing>
節(jié)點(diǎn)下:內(nèi)聯(lián)圖片wp:inline>
,浮動(dòng)圖片wp:anchor>
wp:extent>
、wp:docPr>
、a:graphic>
等除此之外,浮動(dòng)圖片還有一些獨(dú)有特征,并且我們可以從命名上猜測(cè)和解讀:
wp:anchor>
節(jié)點(diǎn)的behindDoc
屬性表明圖片版式為襯于文本下方
wp:positionH>
和wp:positionV>
節(jié)點(diǎn)表明水平和豎直絕對(duì)定位方式,其中:
relativeFrom
屬性指定用于定位的參考對(duì)象wp:posOffset>
指定具體坐標(biāo)值從xml的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)比來(lái)看,我們完全可以根據(jù)python-docx
對(duì)內(nèi)聯(lián)圖片的實(shí)現(xiàn)來(lái)插入浮動(dòng)圖片。于是,從插入內(nèi)聯(lián)圖片的代碼入手:
from docx import Document from docx.shared import Pt document = Document() document.add_picture('image.jpg', width=Pt(200)) document.save('output.docx')
從python-docx
安裝文件夾site-packages/docx
進(jìn)行內(nèi)容搜索add_picture
,得到docx.text.run.add_picture
原始定義處:
def add_picture(self, image_path_or_stream, width=None, height=None): inline = self.part.new_pic_inline(image_path_or_stream, width, height) self._r.add_drawing(inline) return InlineShape(inline)
繼續(xù)搜索new_pic_inline
得到docx.parts.story.BaseStoryPart.new_pic_inline
。從注釋可知這是利用CT_Inline
類創(chuàng)建wp:inline>
元素,因此后續(xù)創(chuàng)建浮動(dòng)圖片的wp:anchor>
可以在此基礎(chǔ)上修改。
def new_pic_inline(self, image_descriptor, width, height): """Return a newly-created `w:inline` element. The element contains the image specified by *image_descriptor* and is scaled based on the values of *width* and *height*. """ rId, image = self.get_or_add_image(image_descriptor) cx, cy = image.scaled_dimensions(width, height) shape_id, filename = self.next_id, image.filename return CT_Inline.new_pic_inline(shape_id, rId, filename, cx, cy)
于是進(jìn)入CT_Inline
類(限于篇幅,刪除了前兩個(gè)類方法new
和new_pic_inline
的具體代碼)——終于見(jiàn)到了一開(kāi)始探索的xml代碼:
class CT_Inline(BaseOxmlElement): """ ``w:inline>`` element, container for an inline shape. """ @classmethod def new(cls, cx, cy, shape_id, pic): pass @classmethod def new_pic_inline(cls, shape_id, rId, filename, cx, cy): pass @classmethod def _inline_xml(cls): return ( 'wp:inline %s>\n' ' wp:extent cx="914400" cy="914400"/>\n' ' wp:docPr id="666" name="unnamed"/>\n' ' wp:cNvGraphicFramePr>\n' ' a:graphicFrameLocks noChangeAspect="1"/>\n' ' /wp:cNvGraphicFramePr>\n' ' a:graphic>\n' ' a:graphicData uri="URI not set"/>\n' ' /a:graphic>\n' '/wp:inline>' % nsdecls('wp', 'a', 'pic', 'r') )
簡(jiǎn)單掃一下CT_Inline
類的三個(gè)方法,即可將它們聯(lián)系上:
_inline_xml()
方法給出內(nèi)聯(lián)圖片wp:inline>
的xml結(jié)構(gòu)。new()
方法調(diào)用_inline_xml()
,并為其中的子節(jié)點(diǎn)例如wp:extent>
和wp:docPr>
賦值。new_pic_inline()
調(diào)用new()
,同時(shí)拼接CT_Picture
類的結(jié)果(節(jié)點(diǎn)pic:pic>
,即圖片的具體內(nèi)容)到a:graphicData>
節(jié)點(diǎn)中去。綜上,實(shí)現(xiàn)了內(nèi)聯(lián)圖片的完整xml結(jié)構(gòu)。
從xml結(jié)構(gòu)的對(duì)比及上述python-docx
對(duì)內(nèi)聯(lián)圖片的實(shí)現(xiàn),得到創(chuàng)建浮動(dòng)圖片的思路:
wp:anchor>
結(jié)構(gòu),例如behindDoc="1"
指定圖片版式為襯于文本下方wp:anchor>
元素,尤其是wp:extent>
、wp:docPr>
和pic:pic>
wp:positionH>
和wp:positionV>
精確定位圖片具體實(shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn)還有關(guān)鍵的一步——注冊(cè)xml標(biāo)簽名稱到對(duì)應(yīng)的類,例如wp:inline>
和CT_Inline
:
# docx.oxml.__init__.py register_element_cls('wp:inline', CT_Inline)
綜上,利用python-docx
插入浮動(dòng)圖片(襯于文本下方、頁(yè)面定位)的完整代碼如下:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # filename: add_float_picture.py ''' Implement floating image based on python-docx. - Text wrapping style: BEHIND TEXT wp:anchor behindDoc="1"> - Picture position: top-left corner of PAGE `wp:positionH relativeFrom="page">`. Create a docx sample (Layout | Positions | More Layout Options) and explore the source xml (Open as a zip | word | document.xml) to implement other text wrapping styles and position modes per `CT_Anchor._anchor_xml()`. ''' from docx.oxml import parse_xml, register_element_cls from docx.oxml.ns import nsdecls from docx.oxml.shape import CT_Picture from docx.oxml.xmlchemy import BaseOxmlElement, OneAndOnlyOne # refer to docx.oxml.shape.CT_Inline class CT_Anchor(BaseOxmlElement): """ ``w:anchor>`` element, container for a floating image. """ extent = OneAndOnlyOne('wp:extent') docPr = OneAndOnlyOne('wp:docPr') graphic = OneAndOnlyOne('a:graphic') @classmethod def new(cls, cx, cy, shape_id, pic, pos_x, pos_y): """ Return a new ``wp:anchor>`` element populated with the values passed as parameters. """ anchor = parse_xml(cls._anchor_xml(pos_x, pos_y)) anchor.extent.cx = cx anchor.extent.cy = cy anchor.docPr.id = shape_id anchor.docPr.name = 'Picture %d' % shape_id anchor.graphic.graphicData.uri = ( 'http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/picture' ) anchor.graphic.graphicData._insert_pic(pic) return anchor @classmethod def new_pic_anchor(cls, shape_id, rId, filename, cx, cy, pos_x, pos_y): """ Return a new `wp:anchor` element containing the `pic:pic` element specified by the argument values. """ pic_id = 0 # Word doesn't seem to use this, but does not omit it pic = CT_Picture.new(pic_id, filename, rId, cx, cy) anchor = cls.new(cx, cy, shape_id, pic, pos_x, pos_y) anchor.graphic.graphicData._insert_pic(pic) return anchor @classmethod def _anchor_xml(cls, pos_x, pos_y): return ( 'wp:anchor distT="0" distB="0" distL="0" distR="0" simplePos="0" relativeHeight="0" \n' ' behindDoc="1" locked="0" layoutInCell="1" allowOverlap="1" \n' ' %s>\n' ' wp:simplePos x="0" y="0"/>\n' ' wp:positionH relativeFrom="page">\n' ' wp:posOffset>%d/wp:posOffset>\n' ' /wp:positionH>\n' ' wp:positionV relativeFrom="page">\n' ' wp:posOffset>%d/wp:posOffset>\n' ' /wp:positionV>\n' ' wp:extent cx="914400" cy="914400"/>\n' ' wp:wrapNone/>\n' ' wp:docPr id="666" name="unnamed"/>\n' ' wp:cNvGraphicFramePr>\n' ' a:graphicFrameLocks noChangeAspect="1"/>\n' ' /wp:cNvGraphicFramePr>\n' ' a:graphic>\n' ' a:graphicData uri="URI not set"/>\n' ' /a:graphic>\n' '/wp:anchor>' % ( nsdecls('wp', 'a', 'pic', 'r'), int(pos_x), int(pos_y) ) ) # refer to docx.parts.story.BaseStoryPart.new_pic_inline def new_pic_anchor(part, image_descriptor, width, height, pos_x, pos_y): """Return a newly-created `w:anchor` element. The element contains the image specified by *image_descriptor* and is scaled based on the values of *width* and *height*. """ rId, image = part.get_or_add_image(image_descriptor) cx, cy = image.scaled_dimensions(width, height) shape_id, filename = part.next_id, image.filename return CT_Anchor.new_pic_anchor(shape_id, rId, filename, cx, cy, pos_x, pos_y) # refer to docx.text.run.add_picture def add_float_picture(p, image_path_or_stream, width=None, height=None, pos_x=0, pos_y=0): """Add float picture at fixed position `pos_x` and `pos_y` to the top-left point of page. """ run = p.add_run() anchor = new_pic_anchor(run.part, image_path_or_stream, width, height, pos_x, pos_y) run._r.add_drawing(anchor) # refer to docx.oxml.__init__.py register_element_cls('wp:anchor', CT_Anchor)
最后,來(lái)一個(gè)例子看看結(jié)果吧:
from docx import Document from docx.shared import Inches, Pt from add_float_picture import add_float_picture if __name__ == '__main__': document = Document() # add a floating picture p = document.add_paragraph() add_float_picture(p, 'test.png', width=Inches(5.0), pos_x=Pt(20), pos_y=Pt(30)) # add text p.add_run('Hello World '*50) document.save('output.docx')
作者:crazyhat,Python及科學(xué)計(jì)算愛(ài)好者
到此這篇關(guān)于詳解用 python-docx 創(chuàng)建浮動(dòng)圖片的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)python-docx 浮動(dòng)圖片內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!
標(biāo)簽:淮安 周口 綿陽(yáng) 綏化 秦皇島 合肥 周口 百色
巨人網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊聲明:本文標(biāo)題《詳解用 python-docx 創(chuàng)建浮動(dòng)圖片》,本文關(guān)鍵詞 詳解,用,python-docx,創(chuàng)建,;如發(fā)現(xiàn)本文內(nèi)容存在版權(quán)問(wèn)題,煩請(qǐng)?zhí)峁┫嚓P(guān)信息告之我們,我們將及時(shí)溝通與處理。本站內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)采集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),涉及言論、版權(quán)與本站無(wú)關(guān)。