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python+requests+pytest接口自動(dòng)化的實(shí)現(xiàn)示例
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1、發(fā)送get請(qǐng)求

#導(dǎo)包
import requests
#定義一個(gè)url
url = "http://xxxxxxx"
#傳遞參數(shù)
payload="{\"head\":{\"accessToken\":\"\",\"lastnotice\":0,\"msgid\":\"\"},\"body\":{\"user_name\":\"super_admin\",\"password\":\"b50c34503a97e7d0d44c38f72d2e91ad\",\"role_type\":1}}"
headers = {
  'Content-Type': 'text/plain',
  'Cookie': 'akpsysessionid=bafc0ad457d5a99f3a4e53a1d4b32519'
}
#發(fā)送get請(qǐng)求
r = requests.get( url=url,headers=headers, data=payload)
#打印結(jié)果
print(r.text)
#解碼
print(r.encoding)
print(r.text.encode('utf-8').decode('unicode_escape'))#先把返回的結(jié)果轉(zhuǎn)換成utf-8，再去解碼成中文的編碼

2、發(fā)送post請(qǐng)求

#導(dǎo)包
import requests
#定義一個(gè)url
url = "http://xxxxxxx"
#傳遞參數(shù)
payload="{\"head\":{\"accessToken\":\"\",\"lastnotice\":0,\"msgid\":\"\"},\"body\":{\"user_name\":\"super_admin\",\"password\":\"b50c34503a97e7d0d44c38f72d2e91ad\",\"role_type\":1}}"
headers = {
 'Content-Type': 'text/plain',
 'Cookie': 'akpsysessionid=bafc0ad457d5a99f3a4e53a1d4b32519'
}
#發(fā)送post請(qǐng)求
r = requests.post( url=url,headers=headers, data=payload)
#打印結(jié)果
print(r.text)

3、發(fā)送https請(qǐng)求

import requests
url='https://www.ctrip.com/'
#第一種解決方案，發(fā)送請(qǐng)求的時(shí)候忽略證書，證書的參數(shù)verify用的比較多
r=requests.post(url=url,verify=False)#verify參數(shù)默認(rèn)為True，值為False，表示忽略證書
#第二張解決方案，verify里面添加證書的路徑
r=requests.post(url=url,verify='證書的路徑')#verify參數(shù)默認(rèn)為True，值為False，表示忽略證書
print(r.text)

4、文件上傳

import requests
file = {
    'filename':open('文件名稱','rb')
}
response = requests.post("網(wǎng)址",file)
print(response.text)

5、文件下載

#小文件下載
import requests
r = requests.get("https://img.sitven.cn/Tencent_blog_detail.jpg")
with open(r"D:\a.jpg", "wb") as f:
    f.write(r.content)

#大文件下載
import requests
def test_downloads(url, file):
    s = requests.session()
    r = s.get(url, stream=True, verify=False)
    with open(file, "wb") as f:
        for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size=512):
            f.write(chunk) 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    url = "https://www.url.com/test/export"
    file = "D:\\a.xlsx"
    test_downloads(url=url, file=file)

6、timeout超時(shí)

#導(dǎo)包
import requests
#循環(huán)10次
for i in range(0,10):
    try:
        url="http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
        data={
            "head":{"lastnotice":0,"msgid":"","accessToken":"89a08bff-15d7-4d7a-9967-0b5f4fb699ce"},
            "body":{"clinicid":"978f661e-1782-43bd-8675-b0ff1138ab7c","deptid":"09b8515b-b01b-4771-9356-aed6b5aa01bf","doctorid":"65ac0251-10ff-473a-af8a-20e8969176f7","registtype":0,"card_num":"","bcc334":"","patientopt":1,"bkc368":"1","patient":{"cardid":"","medicalcardid":"","label":"","sourcetype":1,"nationid":"01","maritalstatus":0,"address":"","company":"","jobname":"","email":"","remark":"","bcc334":"","name":"11","gender":1,"phone":"","birthdate":"2020-03-23","patienttype":1,"szsbcardid":""}}
        }
#發(fā)送post請(qǐng)求，超時(shí)時(shí)間0.03s
        r=requests.post(url=url,json=data,timeout=0.03)
        print(r.text)
        print(r.cookies)
    except:
        print('error')

7、鑒權(quán)

7.1、auth參數(shù)鑒權(quán)

import requests
url = 'http://192.168.1.1'
headers = {} # 有的不帶頭也能請(qǐng)求到 不帶頭可以忽略這行 和headers=headers,這兩處
r = requests.get(url, auth=('admin', '123456'), headers=headers, timeout=10)
print(r.text)

7.2、session操作

#實(shí)例化session
session = requests.session()
#使用session發(fā)起請(qǐng)求
response = session.post(url,headers=req_header,data=form_data)

7.3、token操作

import requests
url="http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

json={
    "head":{"accessToken":"","lastnotice":0,"msgid":""},
    "body":{"username":"15623720880","password":"48028d2558577c526a017883211b4066","forceLogin":0}
}
r=requests.post(url=url,json=json)
print(r.text)
print(r.cookies)

#登錄成功后返回token，帶入下一個(gè)接口
for i in range(0,1):
    try:
        url="xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
        data={
            "head":{"lastnotice":0,"msgid":"","accessToken":"89a08bff-15d7-4d7a-9967-0b5f4fb699ce"},
            "body":{"clinicid":"978f661e-1782-43bd-8675-b0ff1138ab7c","deptid":"09b8515b-b01b-4771-9356-aed6b5aa01bf","doctorid":"65ac0251-10ff-473a-af8a-20e8969176f7","registtype":0,"card_num":"","bcc334":"","patientopt":1,"bkc368":"1","patient":{"cardid":"","medicalcardid":"","label":"","sourcetype":1,"nationid":"01","maritalstatus":0,"address":"","company":"","jobname":"","email":"","remark":"","bcc334":"","name":"11","gender":1,"phone":"","birthdate":"2020-03-23","patienttype":1,"szsbcardid":""}}
        }
        r=requests.post(url=url,json=data,timeout=0.09)
        print(r.text)
        print(r.cookies)
    except:
        print('error')

7.4、sign簽名

# appid： wxd930ea5d5a258f4f
# mch_id： 10000100
# device_info： 1000
# body： test
# nonce_str： ibuaiVcKdpRxkhJA
import hashlib
#需要加密的字符串
stringA="appid=wxd930ea5d5a258f4fbody=testdevice_info=1000mch_id=10000100nonce_str=ibuaiVcKdpRxkhJA";
#構(gòu)建一個(gè)對(duì)象為md
md=hashlib.md5()
#對(duì)stringA字符串進(jìn)行編碼
md.update(stringA.encode()) 
#生成后的加密值
AES=md.hexdigest()
#把加密的結(jié)果，小寫轉(zhuǎn)大寫 upper函數(shù)
AES=AES.upper()
print(AES)

參考微信支付：https://pay.weixin.qq.com/wiki/doc/api/jsapi.php?chapter=4_3

8、自動(dòng)化模塊劃分

  • config 配置文件（python package）#directory和python package大同小異
  • common 公共的方法（python package）
  • testdata 測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)（python package）
  • test_case測(cè)試用例（python package）
  • report 報(bào)告（directory）
  • run_case 測(cè)試執(zhí)行（python package）
  • log 日志


8.1、config配置文件

def server_ip():
    '''
    ait_ip=''開發(fā)環(huán)境的服務(wù)器ip
    sit_ip=''測(cè)試環(huán)境的服務(wù)器ip
    :return: 返回不同服務(wù)器的地址
    '''


    server_add={
        'dev_ip' : 'http://his.xxxxxxxxxxx.com',
        'sit_ip' : 'http://his.xxxxxxxxxxxx.comm'
    }
    return server_add['dev_ip']
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def sql_conf():
    '''
    host數(shù)據(jù)庫ip
    user數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶名
    password數(shù)據(jù)庫密碼
    database:連接數(shù)據(jù)庫名
    port數(shù)據(jù)庫端口
    chrset數(shù)據(jù)庫字符集 中文utf-8
    :return:
    '''
    host='localhost'
    user='root'
    password='123456'
    database='mysql'
    port=3306
    charset='utf8' #這用utf8，utf-8會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)
    return host,user,password,database,port,charset

8.2、common 公共的方法

# 封裝一個(gè)讀取Excel表格數(shù)據(jù)的函數(shù)
# 對(duì)Excel表格數(shù)據(jù)的讀取需要用到一個(gè)庫——xlrd庫
import xlrd
def get_excel_value(i):
    '''
    讀取表中一行的數(shù)據(jù)
    :return:返回2，3行數(shù)據(jù)
    '''
    filename = r"../testdata/jiekou.xls" #文件要用相對(duì)路徑
    book = xlrd.open_workbook(filename)  # 打開一個(gè)工作薄，不需要手動(dòng)進(jìn)行關(guān)閉
    # sheet = book.sheet_by_name("Sheet1") 根據(jù)工作表的名字，獲取一個(gè)工作表對(duì)象
    sheet = book.sheet_by_index(0)  # 獲取一個(gè)工作表，以index的方式，這里是獲取第1個(gè)工作表
    return sheet.cell_value(i,1),sheet.cell_value(i,2)
# print(sheet.nrows) #打印所有行
# print(sheet.ncols) #打印所有列
# print(sheet.row_values(0))  #打印第一行
# print(sheet.col_values(0))  #打印第一列
# print(sheet.cell_value(0,1)) #打印第一行，第二列
# for i in range(1, sheet.nrows):

    # print(sheet.cell_value(i,1),sheet.cell_value(i,2))# 打印單元格[所有數(shù)據(jù)]的值
    # str='(sheet.cell_value(i,1),sheet.cell_value(i,2)))'
    # print(str)
# for i in range(1, sheet.nrows):
#     # for j in range(0, sheet.ncols):
#         print(sheet.cell_value(i,j)) # 打印單元格[i,j]的值
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import pymysql
from config.sql_conf import *
def get_sql(sql):
    '''
    :param sql:運(yùn)行查詢的sql語句
    :return:數(shù)據(jù)庫查詢結(jié)果
    '''
    #建立一個(gè)連接對(duì)象
    host, user, password, database, port, charset=sql_conf()
    db=pymysql.connect(host=host,user=user,password=password,database=database,port=port,charset=charset)
    #建立一個(gè)游標(biāo)
    cursor=db.cursor()
    #執(zhí)行sql語句
    cursor.execute(sql)
    #把sql運(yùn)行的數(shù)據(jù)保存在data變量里面
    data=cursor.fetchall() #獲取查詢出的所有的值
    cursor.close() #關(guān)閉游標(biāo)
    db.close() #關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫連接
    return data
# print(get_sql("SELECT help_topic_id FROM help_topic WHERE Name='MOD'")) #執(zhí)行sql語句
# print(type(get_sql("SELECT help_topic_id FROM help_topic WHERE Name='MOD'")))

8.3、testdata 測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)

主要存放xls，txt，csv測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)


8.4、test_case測(cè)試用例

from common.get_mysql import get_sql
from config.cof import server_ip
from common.get_excel import *
from config.sql_conf import *
import requests
# user_id=get_sql("SELECT help_topic_id FROM help_topic WHERE Name='MOD'")#提取數(shù)據(jù)庫數(shù)據(jù)
# print(user_id)#打印結(jié)果
# assert get_sql("SELECT help_topic_id FROM help_topic WHERE Name='MOD'")#斷言數(shù)據(jù)庫的數(shù)據(jù)是否存在

def test_aokao_login():
     url=server_ip()+'/service/user/login'
     username,password=get_excel_value(1) #讀取文件第二行數(shù)據(jù)
     json={
          "head":{"accessToken":"","lastnotice":0,"msgid":""},
          "body":{"username":username,"password":password,"forceLogin":0}
     }

     # usernamepassword=get_excel_value(4)[0] #讀取文件第二行數(shù)據(jù)
     # print(type(usernamepassword))
     # #把str類型轉(zhuǎn)為字典格式 eval 函數(shù)
     # json=eval(usernamepassword)
     r=requests.post(url=url,json=json)
     print(r.text)
     assert r.status_code==200 #斷言狀態(tài)碼是否等于200
     assert '"accessToken":"89a08bff-15d7-4d7a-9967-0b5f4fb699ce",' in r.text #斷言返回信息是否包含accesstoken

def test_aokao_registadd():
     url = server_ip()+'/service/registration/registadd'
     data = {
          "head": {"lastnotice": 0, "msgid": "", "accessToken": "89a08bff-15d7-4d7a-9967-0b5f4fb699ce"},
          "body": {"clinicid": "978f661e-1782-43bd-8675-b0ff1138ab7c", "deptid": "09b8515b-b01b-4771-9356-aed6b5aa01bf",
                   "doctorid": "65ac0251-10ff-473a-af8a-20e8969176f7", "registtype": 0, "card_num": "", "bcc334": "",
                   "patientopt": 1, "bkc368": "1",
                   "patient": {"cardid": "", "medicalcardid": "", "label": "", "sourcetype": 1, "nationid": "01",
                               "maritalstatus": 0, "address": "", "company": "", "jobname": "", "email": "",
                               "remark": "", "bcc334": "", "name": "11", "gender": 1, "phone": "",
                               "birthdate": "2020-03-23", "patienttype": 1, "szsbcardid": ""}}
     }

     r = requests.post(url=url, json=data, timeout=0.09)
     print(r.text)
     print(r.cookies)
     assert r.status_code == 200  # 斷言狀態(tài)碼是否等于200

8.5、report 報(bào)告

主要存放html，xml報(bào)告


8.6、run_case 測(cè)試執(zhí)行

import pytest

'''
測(cè)試文件以test_開頭，（以—_test結(jié)尾也可以）
測(cè)試類以Test開頭，并且不能帶有init 方法
測(cè)試函數(shù)以test_開頭
斷言使用基本的assert即可
'''
#如何去運(yùn)行測(cè)試用例，_test開頭的函數(shù)就可以，判斷用例運(yùn)行是否成功，assert斷言
if __name__=="__main__":
    #單個(gè)文件運(yùn)行，運(yùn)行添加，對(duì)應(yīng)的文件路徑，路徑要用相對(duì)路徑
    # pytest.main(['../test_case//test_case_01.py'])
    #多個(gè)文件運(yùn)行，運(yùn)行添加多個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)的文件路徑，列表的形式，去添加多個(gè)文件的路徑
    # pytest.main(['../test_case/test_fore.py','../test_case/Dynamic correlation_token.py'])
    #運(yùn)行整個(gè)目錄，添加目錄的路徑
    pytest.main(['../test_case/','--html=../report/report.html','--junitxml=../report/report.xml'])

'''
pytest生成報(bào)告：
1、生成html報(bào)告
'--html=../report/report.html'
2、生成xml報(bào)告
'--junitxml=../report/report.xml'
'''

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