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Docker鏡像構(gòu)建原理解析(不裝docker也能構(gòu)建鏡像)

在devops流程里面構(gòu)建鏡像是一個(gè)非常重要的過(guò)程，一般構(gòu)建鏡像是寫(xiě)dockerfile文件然后通過(guò)docker client來(lái)構(gòu)建的image。

docker client 會(huì)先檢查本地有沒(méi)有image，如果沒(méi)有幫你從鏡像倉(cāng)庫(kù) pull 下來(lái)

然后解析你寫(xiě)的dockerfile構(gòu)建新的image。

本文帶你了解

pull 命令背后是怎么做的？
build 命令背后是怎么做的？

下篇文章帶你解析：

如果我不用docker 我如何構(gòu)建一個(gè)鏡像？

我們以微軟的aspnet2.2為基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)建一個(gè)aspnetcore項(xiàng)目的鏡像為例子

mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/aspnet:2.2

根據(jù)基礎(chǔ)鏡像REGISTRY去獲取mainfest信息

https://mcr.microsoft.com/v2/dotnet/core/aspnet/manifests/2.2
Accept:
application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json,application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json,application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v1+json

獲取到的內(nèi)容如下：

{
  "schemaVersion": 2,
  "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
  "config": {
    "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.container.image.v1+json",
    "size": 4039,
    "digest": "sha256:e7e3b238011ce0f2b9350153535fe273caa01f0e7188d0b91f965b3802ddc600"
  },
  "layers": [
    {
      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
      "size": 22524609,
      "digest": "sha256:804555ee037604c40de144f9f8da0d826d38db82f15d74cded32790fe279a8f6"
    },
    {
      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
      "size": 17692725,
      "digest": "sha256:970251047358aea56ba6db6975b14ff12470b75de0c2477f4445240ddd727fd4"
    },
    {
      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
      "size": 2978257,
      "digest": "sha256:f3d4c41a4fd13f35c0b46f19a4e27845f4695163cc7174d908ff84836bbc2f5a"
    },
    {
      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
      "size": 62145592,
      "digest": "sha256:bd391c46585f9f8d84992bbaa9087189148c1601968eaaf097d5b3ed60840e5e"
    }
  ]
}

mainfest文件里面都是摘要(digest)記錄

config信息摘要
每個(gè)layer的摘要（上面的例子有4個(gè)）

根據(jù)上面的config信息摘要獲取config詳情

GET:https://mcr.microsoft.com/v2/dotnet/core/aspnet/blobs/sha256:e7e3b238011ce0f2b9350153535fe273caa01f0e7188d0b91f965b3802ddc600

{
  "architecture": "amd64",
  "config": {
    "Hostname": "",
    "Domainname": "",
    "User": "",
    "AttachStdin": false,
    "AttachStdout": false,
    "AttachStderr": false,
    "Tty": false,
    "OpenStdin": false,
    "StdinOnce": false,
    "Env": [
      "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
      "ASPNETCORE_URLS=http://+:80",
      "DOTNET_RUNNING_IN_CONTAINER=true",
      "ASPNETCORE_VERSION=2.2.8"
    ],
    "Cmd": [
      "bash"
    ],
    "ArgsEscaped": true,
    "Image": "sha256:5ecfe4016ac8e911a94aa601a675f7204e9ccab00cbb08e7067c184ad40f34e9",
    "Volumes": null,
    "WorkingDir": "",
    "Entrypoint": null,
    "OnBuild": null,
    "Labels": null
  },
  "container": "14196c2f9c327d41e26682d32c7c89c4e7c78aa32f8b7501a23192035a9f4844",
  "container_config": {
    "Hostname": "",
    "Domainname": "",
    "User": "",
    "AttachStdin": false,
    "AttachStdout": false,
    "AttachStderr": false,
    "Tty": false,
    "OpenStdin": false,
    "StdinOnce": false,
    "Env": [
      "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
      "ASPNETCORE_URLS=http://+:80",
      "DOTNET_RUNNING_IN_CONTAINER=true",
      "ASPNETCORE_VERSION=2.2.8"
    ],
    "Cmd": [
      "/bin/sh",
      "-c",
      "curl -SL --output aspnetcore.tar.gz https://dotnetcli.azureedge.net/dotnet/aspnetcore/Runtime/$ASPNETCORE_VERSION/aspnetcore-runtime-$ASPNETCORE_VERSION-linux-x64.tar.gz   && aspnetcore_sha512='954072376698be69acb7e277df2c243f931e10529def21dcbf9ce277609b30d462126bf8b8b3cab36476bec3d63a927b8e44e59e4d4cade23eef45956fba1ffd'   && echo \"$aspnetcore_sha512 aspnetcore.tar.gz\" | sha512sum -c -   && mkdir -p /usr/share/dotnet   && tar -zxf aspnetcore.tar.gz -C /usr/share/dotnet   && rm aspnetcore.tar.gz   && ln -s /usr/share/dotnet/dotnet /usr/bin/dotnet"
    ],
    "Image": "sha256:5ecfe4016ac8e911a94aa601a675f7204e9ccab00cbb08e7067c184ad40f34e9",
    "Volumes": null,
    "WorkingDir": "",
    "Entrypoint": null,
    "OnBuild": null,
    "Labels": null
  },
  "created": "2019-12-28T08:12:05.676492579Z",
  "docker_version": "3.0.8",
  "history": [
    {
      "created": "2019-12-28T04:23:47.4966447Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:90a2c81769a336bed3f731f44a385f2a65b0916f517a0b77c06c224579bf9a9a in / "
    },
    {
      "created": "2019-12-28T04:23:47.719507596Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD [\"bash\"]",
      "empty_layer": true
    },
    {
      "created": "2019-12-28T08:11:05.607009582Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c apt-get update   && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends     ca-certificates         libc6     libgcc1     libgssapi-krb5-2     libicu57     liblttng-ust0     libssl1.0.2     libstdc++6     zlib1g   && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*"
    },
    {
      "created": "2019-12-28T08:11:07.64336022Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV ASPNETCORE_URLS=http://+:80 DOTNET_RUNNING_IN_CONTAINER=true",
      "empty_layer": true
    },
    {
      "created": "2019-12-28T08:11:16.475068844Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c apt-get update   && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends     curl   && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*"
    },
    {
      "created": "2019-12-28T08:11:43.814078508Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV ASPNETCORE_VERSION=2.2.8",
      "empty_layer": true
    },
    {
      "created": "2019-12-28T08:12:05.676492579Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c curl -SL --output aspnetcore.tar.gz https://dotnetcli.azureedge.net/dotnet/aspnetcore/Runtime/$ASPNETCORE_VERSION/aspnetcore-runtime-$ASPNETCORE_VERSION-linux-x64.tar.gz   && aspnetcore_sha512='954072376698be69acb7e277df2c243f931e10529def21dcbf9ce277609b30d462126bf8b8b3cab36476bec3d63a927b8e44e59e4d4cade23eef45956fba1ffd'   && echo \"$aspnetcore_sha512 aspnetcore.tar.gz\" | sha512sum -c -   && mkdir -p /usr/share/dotnet   && tar -zxf aspnetcore.tar.gz -C /usr/share/dotnet   && rm aspnetcore.tar.gz   && ln -s /usr/share/dotnet/dotnet /usr/bin/dotnet"
    }
  ],
  "os": "linux",
  "rootfs": {
    "type": "layers",
    "diff_ids": [
      "sha256:814c70fdae62bc26c603bfae861f00fb1c77fc0b1ee8d565717846f4df24ae5d",
      "sha256:0cf75cb98eb2e0a82631d4aff71b40ba79ff7f83e0361f696875e592a1a4cefc",
      "sha256:15e45d99c92686fb1fd61a41431d8400d7a0e8381595d09d666b0809c4f5d993",
      "sha256:579a8f1d6a123f98095c0b1a1395079f7504391fd2a8bc529dede305a2072a36"
    ]
  }
}

根據(jù)diff_ids里面去下載對(duì)應(yīng)layers

下載完后對(duì)比摘要一致，確保鏡像文件合法性

路徑規(guī)則：

https://mcr.microsoft.com/v2/dotnet/core/aspnet/blobs/sha256:XXXXXX

構(gòu)建我們的鏡像

在基礎(chǔ)鏡像的配置基礎(chǔ)上加入我們的自定義配置

Entrypoint
Cmd
Ports
Environment
ImageWorkingDirectory
Volumes
Labels

在基礎(chǔ)鏡像的所有的layers把我們要打包到鏡像也做成一個(gè)layer

生成的鏡像tar包解壓出來(lái)

多了一個(gè) tar.gz文件，解壓之后就是我們打包放進(jìn)去的文件

原來(lái)基礎(chǔ)鏡像有4個(gè)layer 加上我們的共5個(gè)
config.json
manifest.json

config.json對(duì)比與基礎(chǔ)鏡像

我們來(lái)復(fù)習(xí)下構(gòu)建鏡像的過(guò)程根據(jù)鏡像名稱拉取mainfest

根據(jù)mainfest拉取config
根據(jù)config拉取layers
下載各個(gè)layer
修改到基礎(chǔ)鏡像的配置(config.json和mainfest.json)
加入我們要加入的文件layer

知道原理后我們可以自己寫(xiě)一個(gè)工具來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)整個(gè)過(guò)程

我開(kāi)源的docker鏡像構(gòu)建，讓你不用裝docker也能快速構(gòu)建容器鏡像

支持以下鏡像倉(cāng)庫(kù)作為基礎(chǔ)鏡像構(gòu)建

docker hub
aliyun
騰訊云

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