一直好奇在PG中, 當(dāng)輸出錯(cuò)誤日志時(shí), 如何能夠附帶錯(cuò)誤信息所在的源代碼文件名以及發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤的代碼行數(shù).
postgres.conf中, log信息冗余級(jí)別為"default(默認(rèn))", terse: 表示更加簡(jiǎn)單的日志信息, verbose: 表示更加冗余的日志信息(即: 附帶"文件名和行數(shù))
#log_error_verbosity = default # terse, default, or verbose messages
修改為下面的"verbose"即可.
log_error_verbosity = verbose # terse, default, or verbose messages
修改后, 重啟實(shí)例后生效, 結(jié)果如下, 可以看到日志信息附帶了"文件名"和"行數(shù)"信息.
2020-03-02 09:34:41.800 CST [9019] LOG: 00000: listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 7433 2020-03-02 09:34:41.800 CST [9019] LOCATION: StreamServerPort, pqcomm.c:593 2020-03-02 09:34:41.800 CST [9019] LOG: 00000: listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 7433 2020-03-02 09:34:41.800 CST [9019] LOCATION: StreamServerPort, pqcomm.c:593 2020-03-02 09:34:41.801 CST [9019] LOG: 00000: listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.7433" 2020-03-02 09:34:41.801 CST [9019] LOCATION: StreamServerPort, pqcomm.c:587 2020-03-02 09:34:41.814 CST [9020] LOG: 00000: database system was shut down at 2020-03-02 09:34:24 CST 2020-03-02 09:34:41.814 CST [9020] LOCATION: StartupXLOG, xlog.c:6291 2020-03-02 09:34:41.819 CST [9019] LOG: 00000: database system is ready to accept connections 2020-03-02 09:34:41.819 CST [9019] LOCATION: reaper, postmaster.c:2938
備注: 以上verbose方法應(yīng)該只能在debug模式下生效, 因?yàn)閞elease下根本就沒(méi)有文件名和行數(shù)相關(guān)的信息.
補(bǔ)充:PostgreSQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之運(yùn)行日志
1、pg_wal(WAL 日志,即重做日志) 內(nèi)容一般不具有可讀性強(qiáng)制開啟
2、pg_log(數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)運(yùn)行日志) 內(nèi)容可讀 默認(rèn)關(guān)閉的,需要設(shè)置參數(shù)啟動(dòng)
3、pg_clog(事務(wù)提交日志,記錄的是事務(wù)的元數(shù)據(jù)) 內(nèi)容一般不具有可讀性 強(qiáng)制開啟
PostgreSQL運(yùn)行日志可以實(shí)現(xiàn)日志輸出記錄,默認(rèn)是沒(méi)有啟動(dòng)記錄。這個(gè)日志一般是記錄服務(wù)器與DB的狀態(tài),比如各種Error信息,定位慢查詢SQL,數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的啟動(dòng)關(guān)閉信息,發(fā)生checkpoint過(guò)于頻繁等的告警信息,諸如此類。
項(xiàng)目 | 默認(rèn)值 | 設(shè)定值 | 說(shuō)明 |
---|---|---|---|
logging_collector | off | on | 日志收集功能是否啟動(dòng) |
log_destination | stderr | csvlog | 日志收集存儲(chǔ)方式 |
log_directory | log | pg_log | 日志收集存儲(chǔ)路徑 |
log_filename | postgresql-%Y-%m-%d.log | postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log | 日志文件命名格式 |
log_timezone | RPC | RPC | 日志時(shí)區(qū) |
log_rotation_age | 1440 | 7d | 單個(gè)日志文件生存周期,默認(rèn)1天 |
log_rotation_size | 10240 | 100MB | 單個(gè)日志文件大小 |
log_truncate_on_retation | off | off | log_rotation_age觸發(fā)切換下一個(gè)日志,存在則附加,否則將覆蓋 |
log_min_messages | warning | warning | 日志輸出級(jí)別 |
log_min_duration_statement | -1 | 3000 | -1表示不可用,0將記錄所有SQL語(yǔ)句和它們的耗時(shí),>0只記錄那些耗時(shí)超過(guò)(或等于)這個(gè)值(ms)的SQL語(yǔ)句。 |
log_checkpoints | off | on | 記錄Checkpoint信息 |
log_connections | off | on | 是否記錄連接日志 |
log_disconnections | off | on | 是否記錄連接斷開日志 |
log_duration | off | off | 記錄每條SQL語(yǔ)句執(zhí)行完成消耗的時(shí)間 |
log_line_prefix | %m[%p] | %e: %t [%p]: [%l-1] user = %u,db = %d,remote = %r app = %a | 日志輸出格式; |
log_lock_waits | off | on | 控制當(dāng)一個(gè)會(huì)話等待時(shí)間超過(guò)deadlock_timeout而被鎖時(shí)是否產(chǎn)生一個(gè)日志信息。可判斷是否存在鎖等待問(wèn)題 |
log_statement | none | ddl | 控制記錄哪些SQL語(yǔ)句??蛇x值:none=>不記錄、ddl=>Create table之類的、mod=>DML語(yǔ)句、all=>記錄所有 |
log_line_prefix參數(shù)說(shuō)明:
%a = application name 應(yīng)用名稱 %u = user name 用戶名稱 %d = database name 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)名稱 %r = remote host and port 遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)與端口 %h = remote host 遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī) %p = process ID 進(jìn)程號(hào) %t = timestamp without milliseconds 時(shí)間戳格式 %m = timestamp with millisecond 時(shí)間戳格式 %n = timestamp with milliseconds (as a Unix epoch) 時(shí)間戳格式 %i = command tag 命令標(biāo)簽 %e = SQL state SQL語(yǔ)句狀態(tài)
啟動(dòng)pg_log配置與日志參數(shù)
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_destination = 'csvlog'; ALTER SYSTEM SET logging_collector = on; ALTER SYSTEM SET log_directory = 'pg_log'; ALTER SYSTEM SET log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log'; ALTER SYSTEM SET log_rotation_age = '7d'; ALTER SYSTEM SET log_rotation_size = '100MB'; ALTER SYSTEM SET log_min_messages = warning;
記錄執(zhí)行慢的SQL語(yǔ)句
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_min_duration_statement = 3000; ALTER SYSTEM SET log_checkpoints = on; ALTER SYSTEM SET log_connections = on; ALTER SYSTEM SET log_disconnections = on; ALTER SYSTEM SET log_duration = off; ALTER SYSTEM SET log_line_prefix = '%e: %t [%p]: [%l-1] user = %u,db = %d,remote = %r app = %a';
監(jiān)控?cái)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的鎖
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_lock_waits = on;
記錄DDL操作
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_statement = 'ddl';
參數(shù)查詢
select name,setting,short_desc from pg_settings where name like 'log_%';
重啟服務(wù)Reload參數(shù)
// 重啟服務(wù) pg_ctl restart -m fast -D /pgdata/11.2/data // Reload參數(shù) select pg_reload_conf();
:# 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)表
CREATE TABLE postgres_log ( log_time timestamp(3) with time zone, user_name text, database_name text, process_id integer, connection_from text, session_id text, session_line_num bigint, command_tag text, session_start_time timestamp with time zone, virtual_transaction_id text, transaction_id bigint, error_severity text, sql_state_code text, message text, detail text, hint text, internal_query text, internal_query_pos integer, context text, query text, query_pos integer, location text, application_name text, PRIMARY KEY (session_id, session_line_num) );
:# CSV日志加載
\copy postgres_log from ‘CSV日志路徑>' with csv;
:# 數(shù)據(jù)檢索測(cè)試
// csv日志區(qū)間范圍 select min(log_time),max(log_time) from postgres_log; min | max ----------------------------+--------------------------- 2019-12-11 23:18:17.334+08 | 2019-12-11 23:30:49.04+08 (1 行記錄) // 模糊檢索字段信息 select log_time,database_name,user_name,application_name,message from postgres_log where message like '%duration%'; log_time | database_name | user_name | application_name | message ----------------------------+---------------+-----------+------------------+----------------------- 2019-12-11 23:18:33.559+08 | pgbench | pgbench | pgbench | duration: 36.286 ms 2019-12-11 23:18:33.573+08 | pgbench | pgbench | pgbench | duration: 13.944 ms 2019-12-11 23:18:33.581+08 | pgbench | pgbench | pgbench | duration: 7.953 ms 2019-12-11 23:18:34.561+08 | pgbench | pgbench | pgbench | duration: 976.103 ms
pg_stat_statements統(tǒng)計(jì)了SQL的很多信息,方便我們分析SQL的性能。
:# 參數(shù)配置
alter system set shared_preload_libraries = pg_stat_statements;
:# 重啟服務(wù)Reload參數(shù)
pg_ctl restart -m fast -D /pgdata/11.2/data
:# 創(chuàng)建擴(kuò)展表
CREATE EXTENSION pg_stat_statements;
:# 查詢TOP10
SELECT query, calls, total_time, (total_time/calls) as average ,rows, 100.0 * shared_blks_hit /nullif(shared_blks_hit + shared_blks_read, 0) AS hit_percent FROM pg_stat_statements ORDER BY average DESC LIMIT 10;
※ 統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果一直都在,重啟也不會(huì)清零。通過(guò)如下命令可以手工清零。
select pg_stat_statements_reset() ;
通常我們會(huì)對(duì)日志進(jìn)行定期保留以保證不會(huì)撐爆磁盤容量,此時(shí)需要考慮日志保留周期。
核心參數(shù):
項(xiàng)目 | 默認(rèn)值 | 設(shè)定值 | 說(shuō)明 |
---|---|---|---|
log_truncate_on_retation | off | off | log_rotation_age觸發(fā)切換下一個(gè)日志,存在則附加,否則將覆蓋 |
log_rotation_age | 1440 | 7d | 單個(gè)日志文件生存周期,默認(rèn)1天 |
log_rotation_size | 10240 | 100MB | 單個(gè)日志文件大小 |
按照每分鐘創(chuàng)建文件,保留1小時(shí):
log_destination = 'csvlog' logging_collector = on log_directory = 'log' log_filename = 'postgresql-%M.log' log_truncate_on_rotation = on log_rotation_age = 1min log_rotation_size = 100MB
每小時(shí)一個(gè)文件,保留一天:
log_destination = 'csvlog' logging_collector = on log_directory = 'log' log_filename = 'postgresql-%H.log' log_truncate_on_rotation = on log_rotation_age = 1hour log_rotation_size = 100MB
每天一個(gè)文件,保留一個(gè)月:
log_destination = 'csvlog' logging_collector = on log_directory = 'log' log_filename = 'postgresql-%d.log' log_truncate_on_rotation = on log_rotation_age = 1day log_rotation_size = 100MB
每個(gè)月一個(gè)文件,保留一年:
log_destination = 'csvlog' logging_collector = on log_directory = 'log' log_filename = 'postgresql-%m.log' log_truncate_on_rotation = on log_rotation_age = 1month log_rotation_size = 100MB
每天一個(gè)文件,保留一年:
log_destination = 'csvlog' logging_collector = on log_directory = 'log' log_filename = 'postgresql-%m-%d.log' log_truncate_on_rotation = on log_rotation_age = 1day log_rotation_size = 100MB
以上為個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn),希望能給大家一個(gè)參考,也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。如有錯(cuò)誤或未考慮完全的地方,望不吝賜教。
標(biāo)簽:辛集 杭州 寶雞 榆林 昭通 海西 濮陽(yáng) 溫州
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