正常解釋
%代表任何客戶機(jī)都可以連接
localhost代表只可以本機(jī)連接
一般情況能訪問本地?cái)?shù)據(jù)庫的都是加了權(quán)限了,一般都是禁止別的機(jī)器訪問本地的mysql端口的,如果允許也是要加上指定ip才可以訪問,這樣才能保證數(shù)據(jù)庫不會(huì)被遠(yuǎn)程訪問。
1 前言
操作MySQL的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn),有時(shí)只建了%的賬號,可以通過localhost連接,有時(shí)候卻不可以,網(wǎng)上搜索也找不到滿意的答案,干脆手動(dòng)測試一波
2 兩種連接方法
這里說的兩種連接方法指是執(zhí)行mysql命令時(shí),-h參數(shù)填的是localhost還是IP, 兩種連接方式的區(qū)別如下
-h 參數(shù)為 localhost
當(dāng)-h參數(shù)為localhost的時(shí)候,實(shí)際上是使用socket連接的(默認(rèn)連接方式), 實(shí)例如下
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
Enter password:
========= 省略 ===========
mysql> status
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 9
Current database:
Current user: test_user@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
從Current user可以看到用戶是xx@localhost, 連接方式為Localhost via UNIX socket
-h 參數(shù)為 IP
當(dāng)-h參數(shù)為IP的時(shí)候,實(shí)際上是使用TCP連接的, 實(shí)例如下
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password:
========= 省略 ===========
mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 11
Current database:
Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
Server characterset: utf8
從Current user可以看到用戶是xx@127.0.0.1, 連接方式為TCP/IP
3 不同版本的差別
測試方法就是看能不能連接,如果不想看測試過程可以拉到最后看結(jié)論
3.1 MySQL 8.0
創(chuàng)建用戶
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.11 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
使用 localhost 登錄
[root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
========= 省略 ===========
mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
Connection id: 9
Current database:
Current user: test_user@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
...
使用 IP 登錄
[root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
========= 省略 ===========
mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
Connection id: 8
Current database:
Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
結(jié)果顯示8.0版本的MySQL, % 包括localhost
3.2 MySQL 5.7
創(chuàng)建 % 用戶
db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
使用 localhost 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
========= 省略 ===========
mysql> status
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 9
Current database:
Current user: test_user@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
....
使用 IP 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password:
========= 省略 ===========
mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 11
Current database:
Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
Server characterset: utf8
...
結(jié)果顯示5.7版本的MySQL, % 包括localhost
3.3 MySQL 5.6
創(chuàng)建用戶
db83-3306>>select version();
+------------+
| version() |
+------------+
| 5.6.10-log |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
使用 localhost 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
使用 IP 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
========= 省略 ===========
mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 3
Current database:
Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
......
--------------
結(jié)果顯示MySQL 5.6的%不包括localhost
3.4 MySQL 5.1
創(chuàng)建用戶
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.1.73 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
使用 localhost 登錄
[root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
使用 IP 登錄
[root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4901339
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution
========= 省略 ===========
mysql> status
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1
Connection id: 4901339
Current database:
Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
結(jié)果顯示 5.1 版本的%不包括localhost
3.5 MariaDB 10.3
創(chuàng)建用戶
db83-3306>>select version();
+---------------------+
| version() |
+---------------------+
| 10.3.11-MariaDB-log |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
使用 localhost 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
使用 IP 登錄
[mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 12
Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
========= 省略 ===========
MariaDB [(none)]> status
--------------
/usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.3.11-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1
Connection id: 12
Current database:
Current user: test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server: MariaDB
Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
結(jié)果顯示MariaDB 10.3的%不包括localhost
4 結(jié)論
版本 |
用戶中的%是否包括localhost |
MySQL8.0 |
包括 |
MySQL5.7 |
包括 |
MySQL5.6 |
不包括 |
MySQL5.1 |
不包括 |
MariaDB 10.3 |
不包括 |
好了,這篇文章就介紹到了,希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家。
您可能感興趣的文章:- 如何快速修改MySQL用戶的host屬性
- mysql允許所有host訪問的方法
- 完美解決MySQL通過localhost無法連接數(shù)據(jù)庫的問題
- MySQL 可以用localhost 連接,但不能用IP連接的問題解決方法
- 淺談Mysql連接數(shù)據(jù)庫時(shí)host和user的匹配規(guī)則