我們?cè)跀?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)運(yùn)維過程中難免會(huì)涉及到需要對(duì)文本數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理，并導(dǎo)入到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中，本文整理了一些導(dǎo)入導(dǎo)出時(shí)常見的場(chǎng)景進(jìn)行示例演示。
文章后續(xù)示例均使用以下命令導(dǎo)出的 csv 格式樣例數(shù)據(jù)(以 , 逗號(hào)做分隔符，以 " 雙引號(hào)作為界定符)
-- 導(dǎo)出基礎(chǔ)參數(shù) select * into outfile '/data/mysql/3306/tmp/employees.txt' character set utf8mb4 fields terminated by ',' enclosed by '"' lines terminated by '\n' from employees.employees limit 10; -- 導(dǎo)入基礎(chǔ)參數(shù) load data infile '/data/mysql/3306/tmp/employees.txt' replace into table demo.emp character set utf8mb4 fields terminated by ',' enclosed by '"' lines terminated by '\n' ...
以下為示例數(shù)據(jù)，表結(jié)構(gòu)及對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系信息
-- 導(dǎo)出的文件數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容
[root@10-186-61-162 tmp]# cat employees.txt
"10001","1953-09-02","Georgi","Facello","M","1986-06-26"
"10002","1964-06-02","Bezalel","Simmel","F","1985-11-21"
"10003","1959-12-03","Parto","Bamford","M","1986-08-28"
"10004","1954-05-01","Chirstian","Koblick","M","1986-12-01"
"10005","1955-01-21","Kyoichi","Maliniak","M","1989-09-12"
"10006","1953-04-20","Anneke","Preusig","F","1989-06-02"
"10007","1957-05-23","Tzvetan","Zielinski","F","1989-02-10"
"10008","1958-02-19","Saniya","Kalloufi","M","1994-09-15"
"10009","1952-04-19","Sumant","Peac","F","1985-02-18"
"10010","1963-06-01","Duangkaew","Piveteau","F","1989-08-24"
-- 示例表結(jié)構(gòu)
SQL > desc demo.emp;
+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| emp_no | int | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| birth_date | date | NO | | NULL | |
| first_name | varchar(16) | NO | | NULL | |
| last_name | varchar(16) | NO | | NULL | |
| fullname | varchar(32) | YES | | NULL | | -- 表新增字段,導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)文件中不存在
| gender | enum('M','F') | NO | | NULL | |
| hire_date | date | NO | | NULL | |
| modify_date | datetime | YES | | NULL | | -- 表新增字段,導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)文件中不存在
| delete_flag | char(1) | YES | | NULL | | -- 表新增字段,導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)文件中不存在
+-------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
-- 導(dǎo)出的數(shù)據(jù)與字段對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系
emp_no birth_date first_name last_name gender hire_date
"10001" "1953-09-02" "Georgi" "Facello" "M" "1986-06-26"
"10002" "1964-06-02" "Bezalel" "Simmel" "F" "1985-11-21"
"10003" "1959-12-03" "Parto" "Bamford" "M" "1986-08-28"
"10004" "1954-05-01" "Chirstian" "Koblick" "M" "1986-12-01"
"10005" "1955-01-21" "Kyoichi" "Maliniak" "M" "1989-09-12"
"10006" "1953-04-20" "Anneke" "Preusig" "F" "1989-06-02"
"10007" "1957-05-23" "Tzvetan" "Zielinski" "F" "1989-02-10"
"10008" "1958-02-19" "Saniya" "Kalloufi" "M" "1994-09-15"
"10009" "1952-04-19" "Sumant" "Peac" "F" "1985-02-18"
"10010" "1963-06-01" "Duangkaew" "Piveteau" "F" "1989-08-24"
場(chǎng)景1. LOAD 文件中的字段比數(shù)據(jù)表中的字段多
只需要文本文件中部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入到數(shù)據(jù)表中
-- 臨時(shí)創(chuàng)建2個(gè)字段的表結(jié)構(gòu)
SQL > create table emp_tmp select emp_no,hire_date from emp;
SQL > desc emp_tmp;
+-----------+------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| emp_no | int | NO | | NULL | |
| hire_date | date | NO | | NULL | |
+-----------+------+------+-----+---------+-------+
-- 導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)語(yǔ)句
load data infile '/data/mysql/3306/tmp/employees.txt'
replace into table demo.emp_tmp
character set utf8mb4
fields terminated by ','
enclosed by '"'
lines terminated by '\n'
(@C1,@C2,@C3,@C4,@C5,@C6) -- 該部分對(duì)應(yīng)employees.txt文件中6列數(shù)據(jù)
-- 只對(duì)導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)中指定的2個(gè)列與表中字段做匹配,mapping關(guān)系指定的順序不影響導(dǎo)入結(jié)果
set hire_date=@C6,
emp_no=@C1;
-- 導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果示例
SQL > select * from emp_tmp;
+--------+------------+
| emp_no | hire_date |
+--------+------------+
| 10001 | 1986-06-26 |
| 10002 | 1985-11-21 |
| 10003 | 1986-08-28 |
| 10004 | 1986-12-01 |
| 10005 | 1989-09-12 |
| 10006 | 1989-06-02 |
| 10007 | 1989-02-10 |
| 10008 | 1994-09-15 |
| 10009 | 1985-02-18 |
| 10010 | 1989-08-24 |
+--------+------------+
10 rows in set (0.0016 sec)
場(chǎng)景 2. LOAD 文件中的字段比數(shù)據(jù)表中的字段少
表字段不僅包含文本文件中所有數(shù)據(jù),還包含了額外的字段
-- 導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)語(yǔ)句 load data infile '/data/mysql/3306/tmp/employees.txt' replace into table demo.emp character set utf8mb4 fields terminated by ',' enclosed by '"' lines terminated by '\n' (@C1,@C2,@C3,@C4,@C5,@C6) -- 該部分對(duì)應(yīng)employees.txt文件中6列數(shù)據(jù) -- 將文件中的字段與表中字段做mapping對(duì)應(yīng),表中多出的字段不做處理 set emp_no=@C1, birth_date=@C2, first_name=@C3, last_name=@C4, gender=@C5, hire_date=@C6;
場(chǎng)景3. LOAD 生成自定義字段數(shù)據(jù)
從場(chǎng)景 2 的驗(yàn)證可以看到，emp 表中新增的字段
fullname,modify_date,delete_flag字段在導(dǎo)入時(shí)并未做處理，被置為了 NULL 值，如果需要對(duì)其進(jìn)行處理，可在 LOAD 時(shí)通過MySQL支持的函數(shù)或給定固定值自行定義數(shù)據(jù)，對(duì)于文件中存在的字段也可做函數(shù)處理，結(jié)合導(dǎo)入導(dǎo)出，實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單的 ETL 功能，如下所示：
-- 導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)語(yǔ)句 load data infile '/data/mysql/3306/tmp/employees.txt' replace into table demo.emp character set utf8mb4 fields terminated by ',' enclosed by '"' lines terminated by '\n' (@C1,@C2,@C3,@C4,@C5,@C6) -- 該部分對(duì)應(yīng)employees.txt文件中6列數(shù)據(jù) -- 以下部分明確對(duì)表中字段與數(shù)據(jù)文件中的字段做Mapping關(guān)系,不存在的數(shù)據(jù)通過函數(shù)處理生成(也可設(shè)置為固定值) set emp_no=@C1, birth_date=@C2, first_name=upper(@C3), -- 將導(dǎo)入的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)為大寫 last_name=lower(@C4), -- 將導(dǎo)入的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)為小寫 fullname=concat(first_name,' ',last_name), -- 對(duì)first_name和last_name做拼接 gender=@C5, hire_date=@C6 , modify_date=now(), -- 生成當(dāng)前時(shí)間數(shù)據(jù) delete_flag=if(hire_date'1988-01-01','Y','N'); -- 對(duì)需要生成的值基于某一列做條件運(yùn)算
場(chǎng)景4. LOAD 定長(zhǎng)數(shù)據(jù)
定長(zhǎng)數(shù)據(jù)的特點(diǎn)如下所示，可以使用函數(shù)取出字符串中固定長(zhǎng)度來生成指定列數(shù)據(jù)
SQL > select
c1 as sample_data,
substr(c1,1,3) as c1,
substr(c1,4,3) as c2,
substr(c1,7,2) as c3,
substr(c1,9,5) as c4,
substr(c1,14,3) as c5,
substr(c1,17,3) as c6 from t1
*************************** 1. row ***************************
sample_data: ABC余振興CDMySQLEFG數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
c1: ABC
c2: 余振興
c3: CD
c4: MySQL
c5: EFG
c6: 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
定長(zhǎng)數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入需要明確每列數(shù)據(jù)占用的字符個(gè)數(shù)，以下直接使用 rpad 對(duì)現(xiàn)有的表數(shù)據(jù)填充空格的方式生成定長(zhǎng)數(shù)據(jù)用作示例使用
-- 生成定長(zhǎng)數(shù)據(jù)
SQL > select
concat(rpad(emp_no,10,' '),
rpad(birth_date,19,' '),
rpad(first_name,14,' '),
rpad(last_name,16,' '),
rpad(gender,2,' '),
rpad(hire_date,19,' ')) as fixed_length_data
from employees.employees limit 10;
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| fixed_length_data |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 10001 1953-09-02 Georgi Facello M 1986-06-26 |
| 10002 1964-06-02 Bezalel Simmel F 1985-11-21 |
| 10003 1959-12-03 Parto Bamford M 1986-08-28 |
| 10004 1954-05-01 Chirstian Koblick M 1986-12-01 |
| 10005 1955-01-21 Kyoichi Maliniak M 1989-09-12 |
| 10006 1953-04-20 Anneke Preusig F 1989-06-02 |
| 10007 1957-05-23 Tzvetan Zielinski F 1989-02-10 |
| 10008 1958-02-19 Saniya Kalloufi M 1994-09-15 |
| 10009 1952-04-19 Sumant Peac F 1985-02-18 |
| 10010 1963-06-01 Duangkaew Piveteau F 1989-08-24 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-- 導(dǎo)出定長(zhǎng)數(shù)據(jù)
select
concat(rpad(emp_no,10,' '),
rpad(birth_date,19,' '),
rpad(first_name,14,' '),
rpad(last_name,16,' '),
rpad(gender,2,' '),
rpad(hire_date,19,' ')) as fixed_length_data
into outfile '/data/mysql/3306/tmp/employees_fixed.txt'
character set utf8mb4
lines terminated by '\n'
from employees.employees limit 10;
-- 導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)示例
[root@10-186-61-162 tmp]# cat employees_fixed.txt
10001 1953-09-02 Georgi Facello M 1986-06-26
10002 1964-06-02 Bezalel Simmel F 1985-11-21
10003 1959-12-03 Parto Bamford M 1986-08-28
10004 1954-05-01 Chirstian Koblick M 1986-12-01
10005 1955-01-21 Kyoichi Maliniak M 1989-09-12
10006 1953-04-20 Anneke Preusig F 1989-06-02
10007 1957-05-23 Tzvetan Zielinski F 1989-02-10
10008 1958-02-19 Saniya Kalloufi M 1994-09-15
10009 1952-04-19 Sumant Peac F 1985-02-18
10010 1963-06-01 Duangkaew Piveteau F 1989-08-24
-- 導(dǎo)入定長(zhǎng)數(shù)據(jù)
load data infile '/data/mysql/3306/tmp/employees_fixed.txt'
replace into table demo.emp
character set utf8mb4
fields terminated by ','
enclosed by '"'
lines terminated by '\n'
(@row) -- 對(duì)一行數(shù)據(jù)定義為一個(gè)整體
set emp_no = trim(substr(@row,1,10)),-- 使用substr取前10個(gè)字符,并去除頭尾空格數(shù)據(jù)
birth_date = trim(substr(@row,11,19)),-- 后續(xù)字段以此類推
first_name = trim(substr(@row,30,14)),
last_name = trim(substr(@row,44,16)),
fullname = concat(first_name,' ',last_name), -- 對(duì)first_name和last_name做拼接
gender = trim(substr(@row,60,2)),
hire_date = trim(substr(@row,62,19)),
modify_date = now(),
delete_flag = if(hire_date'1988-01-01','Y','N'); -- 對(duì)需要生成的值基于某一列做條件運(yùn)算
1.默認(rèn)情況下導(dǎo)入的順序以文本文件 列-從左到右，行-從上到下 的順序?qū)?/p>
2.如果表結(jié)構(gòu)和文本數(shù)據(jù)不一致，建議將文本文件中的各列依次順序編號(hào)并與表中字段建立 mapping 關(guān)系，以防數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入到錯(cuò)誤的字段
3.對(duì)于待導(dǎo)入的文本文件較大的場(chǎng)景，建議將文件 按行拆分 為多個(gè)小文件，如用 split 拆分
4.對(duì)文件導(dǎo)入后建議執(zhí)行以下語(yǔ)句驗(yàn)證導(dǎo)入的數(shù)據(jù)是否有 Warning,ERROR 以及導(dǎo)入的數(shù)據(jù)量
GET DIAGNOSTICS @p1=NUMBER,@p2=ROW_COUNT;select @p1 AS ERROR_COUNT,@p2 as ROW_COUNT;5.文本文件數(shù)據(jù)與表結(jié)構(gòu)存在過大的差異或數(shù)據(jù)需要做清洗轉(zhuǎn)換，建議還是用專業(yè)的 ETL 工具或先粗略導(dǎo)入 MySQL 中再進(jìn)行加工轉(zhuǎn)換處理
以上就是 MySQL Load Data 數(shù)據(jù)的多種用法的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，更多關(guān)于MySQL Load Data 的用法的資料請(qǐng)關(guān)注腳本之家其它相關(guān)文章！,希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！
標(biāo)簽：溫州 定西 三明 揚(yáng)州 福州 山西 阿里 無錫
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