方案
存儲(chǔ)前，加密后再存儲(chǔ)到數(shù)據(jù)庫
讀取后，利用 KEY 進(jìn)行解密
實(shí)現(xiàn)
ActiveSupport::MessageEncryptor 是 Rails 基于 openssl 封裝實(shí)現(xiàn)的一個(gè)類，可用于對(duì)一個(gè)對(duì)象進(jìn)行加密、解密操作。例如：
salt = SecureRandom.random_bytes(64)
key = ActiveSupport::KeyGenerator.new('password').generate_key(salt) # => "\x89\xE0\x156\xAC..."
crypt = ActiveSupport::MessageEncryptor.new(key) # => #ActiveSupport::MessageEncryptor ...>
encrypted_data = crypt.encrypt_and_sign('my secret data') # => "NlFBTTMwOUV5UlA1QlNEN2xkY2d6eThYWWh..."
crypt.decrypt_and_verify(encrypted_data) # => "my secret data"
serialize 是 Rails ActiveRecord 里的一個(gè)類方法，可用于執(zhí)行一個(gè) column 如何存儲(chǔ)到數(shù)據(jù)庫，以及從數(shù)據(jù)庫讀取出來后要如何處理，例如：
class User ActiveRecord::Base
serialize :preferences, Hash
end
user = User.new
user.preferences = {
gender: 'male',
age: 18
}
user.save!
另外，Rails 還允許自定義 Serizlizer，使得開發(fā)者能夠自行決定如何做進(jìn)行序列化和反序列化。例如：
class CustomerSerializer
def self.load(value)
value.to_s.blank? ? "" : JSON.parse(value)
end
def self.dump(value)
(value || {}).to_json
end
end
class User ActiveRecord::Base
serialize :preferences, CustomerSerializer
end
基于此，我們可以自己實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè) serializer，使得我們能夠進(jìn)行對(duì)字段進(jìn)行加密存儲(chǔ)，同時(shí)讀取出來時(shí)能夠自行進(jìn)行解密。
class EncryptedStringSerializer
def self.load(value)
value.to_s.blank? ? '' : decrypt(value)
end
def self.dump(value)
encrypt(value || '')
end
private
def self.encrypt(value)
encryptor.encrypt_and_sign(value)
end
def self.decrypt(value)
encryptor.decrypt_and_verify(value)
end
def self.encryptor
@encryptor ||= ActiveSupport::MessageEncryptor.new(Settings.message_encryptor_key)
end
end
class UserAddress ActiveRecord::Base
serialize :phone, EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :first_name, EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :last_name, EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :country, EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :state, EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :city, EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :address1, EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :address2, EncryptedStringSerializer
serialize :zipcode, EncryptedStringSerializer
end
可以改進(jìn)的點(diǎn)
加解密用的 KEY 是否過于簡(jiǎn)單？
針對(duì)現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)，如何平滑過渡？
