前邊有介紹mongodb的安裝以及ror項目的搭建,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行一下整合。
1.創(chuàng)建項目
創(chuàng)建項目時不再使用rails active_record支持
2.我們將要使用MongoMapper來驅(qū)動MongoDB到Rails
編輯GemFile,增加下面的內(nèi)容
然后 執(zhí)行 bundle install 安裝gem
3.添加數(shù)據(jù)庫鏈接
在config/initializer下面新建一個mongo.rb文件,指定全局的數(shù)據(jù)庫信息:
MongoMapper.connection = Mongo::Connection.new('localhost', 27017)
MongoMapper.database ='todo'#通過指定Rails運(yùn)行環(huán)境參數(shù),我們可以在不同的運(yùn)行環(huán)境下創(chuàng)建互不干擾的數(shù)據(jù),為了簡單起見,沒有為不同的環(huán)境指定不同的數(shù)據(jù)
if defined?(PhusionPassenger)
PhusionPassenger.on_event(:starting_worker_process)do|forked|
MongoMapper.connection.connectifforked
end
end
完成以上步驟后,啟動程序:
**Notice: C extension not loaded. This is required for optimum MongoDB Ruby driver performance.
You can install the extension as follows:
If you continue to receive this message after installing, make sure that the
bson_ext gem is in your load path and that the bson_ext and mongo gems are of the same version.
=> Booting WEBrick
=> Rails 3.0.10 application starting in development on http://0.0.0.0:3000
=> Call with -d to detach
=> Ctrl-C to shutdown server
[2011-10-19 23:36:14] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1
[2011-10-19 23:36:14] INFO ruby 1.9.2 (2011-07-09) [x86_64-linux]
[2011-10-19 23:36:14] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=19595 port=3000
從上面輸出中可以看到bson_ext庫沒有加載。按照提示安裝該庫即可(別忘了在gemfile中添加gem):
再次啟動程序,Notice提示消息消失,啟動正常。在瀏覽器輸入:http://127.0.0.1:3000,就可以看到如下頁面
4.添加頁面和處理邏輯
通過rails的generate命令來生成頁面、控制器和模型層文件(個人還是喜歡自己手動創(chuàng)建,這里為了演示方便)
rails generate scaffold project name:string --orm=mongo_mapper
由于我們使用mongo作為數(shù)據(jù)庫。那么,我們需要把ActiveRecord的model,改成MongoMapper的類型,也就是把繼承關(guān)系從ActiveRecord::Base變成MongoMapper::Document。我們使用key這個方法標(biāo)明該MongoMapper的字段屬性。我們的屬性是name,再加上這個字段的類型String,那么定義如下:
classProject
include MongoMapper::Document
key:name,String
end
通過以上的修改,我們就已經(jīng)擁有了所有添加,更新,刪除和列表的操作
5.數(shù)據(jù)查看
可以通過命令mongo進(jìn)入mongodb數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的查詢
mongo //進(jìn)入數(shù)據(jù)庫
use todo //切換庫
db.projects.find() //執(zhí)行查詢
6.其他
MongoMapper和ActiveRecord是完全相同的。甚至,MongoMapper還是支持ActiveRecord的驗證方式如下
validates_presence_of:name
由于MongoDB沒有schema-less(數(shù)據(jù)版本記錄)我們可以非常容易的添加和更改model的屬性,而不需要執(zhí)行任何migrations的操作。比如,我們需要添加一個priority的屬性,我們僅僅需要的是修改Project model如下:
classProject
include MongoMapper::Document
key:name,String,:required=>true
key:priority,Integer
end
表之間的關(guān)聯(lián)對于MongoDB這里稍微有點(diǎn)區(qū)別,我們需要ObjectId類型來存儲所有id。
至于,處理不同表之前的關(guān)聯(lián),我們可以像ActiveRecord一樣定義belongs_to,當(dāng)然,稍微有點(diǎn)不同,在Project中我們需要定義has_many :tasks,在MongoMapper中需要用many代替。
我目前也就做到這里。有時間再去深入研究其他的功能。
PS:Ruby編寫MongoDB備份腳本(fsync lock)
#!/usr/local/bin/ruby
# date: 06-12-2014
# auther: lucifer
# use fsync and lock to the file-system before backup the file-system
# mongo-ruby-driver version > 1.10.0
require 'mongo'
require 'fileutils'
require 'date'
include Mongo
include BSON
# the members of replcation-set
# test mongodb server version 2.6.0
# host = "192.168.11.51"
# The port of members
# If the port is 27017 by default then otherport don't need to assignment
# otherport = ""
# port = otherport.length != 0 ? otherport : MongoClient::DEFAULT_PORT
# opts = {:pool_size => 5, :pool_timeout => 10}
# Create a new connection
# client = MongoClient.new(host, port, opts)
uri_string = "mongodb://caoqing:xxxxxxxx@x.x.x.x:27017/admin"
client = MongoClient.from_uri(uri = "#{uri_string}")
db = client['admin']
# fsync and lock the database
cmd = OrderedHash.new
cmd[:fsync] = 1
cmd[:lock] = true
# p cmd
db.command(cmd)
# datafile path
d = "/var/lib/mongo"
# dir = Dir.new("#fssngos")
# entries = dir.entries
# entries.delete_if { |entry| entry =~ /^\./}
# convert the relative path to the full path
# entries.map! { |entry| File.join(dir.path, entry) }
# maintain only the type of file
# entries.delete_if { |entry| !File.file?(entry) }
# p entries
start = Date.today.to_s
prev = (Date.today - 7).to_s
dest = "/backup/#{start}"
sour = "/backup/#{prev}"
FileUtils.rm_rf("#{sour}") if File::exist?("#{sour}")
Dir.mkdir("#{dest}", 0755) unless File::exist?("#{dest}")
FileUtils.cp_r Dir.glob("#kxt4on4/**"), dest if client.locked?
puts "*" * 20
puts "\tbackup complete"
puts "*" * 20
# DB::SYSTEM_COMMAND_COLLECTION
# unlock the database
db["$cmd.sys.unlock"].find_one
client.close
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