說(shuō)明：本文主要講述Laravel的Artisan命令來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)自定義模板，就如經(jīng)常輸入的php artisan make:controller ShopController就會(huì)自動(dòng)生成一個(gè)ShopController.php模板文件一樣，通過(guò)命令生成模板也會(huì)提高開(kāi)發(fā)效率。同時(shí)，作者會(huì)將開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中的一些截圖和代碼黏上去，提高閱讀效率。
備注：個(gè)人平時(shí)在寫(xiě)Repository代碼時(shí)會(huì)這樣寫(xiě)，如先寫(xiě)上ShopRepositoryInterface并定義好接口方法如all()、create()、update()、delete()、findBy()等等，然后再寫(xiě)上接口對(duì)應(yīng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)ShopRepository并注入對(duì)應(yīng)的Model即Shop。別的PostRepository、TagRepository也會(huì)是這么寫(xiě)(當(dāng)然，對(duì)于很多重用的Repository方法可以集體拿到AbstractRepository抽象類里供子類繼承，實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼復(fù)用)。那能不能直接命令行生成模板文件呢，就不用自己一個(gè)個(gè)的寫(xiě)了，就像輸入php artisan make:controller PostController給我一個(gè)Controller模板來(lái)。
關(guān)于使用Repository模式來(lái)封裝下Model邏輯，不讓Controller里塞滿了很多Model邏輯，這樣做是有很多好處的，最主要的就是好測(cè)試和代碼架構(gòu)清晰，也符合SOLID原則。如果使用PHPUnit來(lái)做測(cè)試就知道了為啥說(shuō)好測(cè)試了。SegmentFault上也有相關(guān)的文章描述。作者也打算最近新開(kāi)一篇文章聊一聊這個(gè)，PHPUnit也打算過(guò)段時(shí)間聊一聊。
個(gè)人研究了下Artisan命令行，是可以的。經(jīng)過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)后，結(jié)果是輸入自定義指令php artisan make:repository PostRepository --model=Post(這個(gè)option可要可不要)，就會(huì)幫我生成一個(gè)PostRepositoryInterface和對(duì)應(yīng)的接口實(shí)現(xiàn)PostRepository。
模板文件Stub
由于個(gè)人需要生成一個(gè)RepositoryInterface和對(duì)應(yīng)接口實(shí)現(xiàn)Repository，那就需要兩個(gè)模板文件了。在resources/stubs新建兩個(gè)模板文件，以下是個(gè)人經(jīng)常需要的兩個(gè)模板文件(你可以自定義)：
/**
* @param array $columns
* @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|static[]
*/
public function all($columns = array('*'))
{
return $this->$model_var_name->all($columns);
}
/**
* @param int $perPage
* @param array $columns
* @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator
*/
public function paginate($perPage = 15, $columns = array('*'))
{
return $this->$model_var_name->paginate($perPage, $columns);
}
/**
* Create a new $model_var_name
* @param array $data
* @return \$model_namespace
*/
public function create(array $data)
{
return $this->$model_var_name->create($data);
}
/**
* Update a $model_var_name
* @param array $data
* @param $id
* @return \$model_namespace
*/
public function update($data = [], $id)
{
return $this->$model_var_name->whereId($id)->update($data);
}
/**
* Store a $model_var_name
* @param array $data
* @return \$model_namespace
*/
public function store($data = [])
{
$this->$model_var_name->id = $data['id'];
//...
$this->$model_var_name->save();
}
/**
* Delete a $model_var_name
* @param array $data
* @param $id
* @return \$model_namespace
*/
public function delete($data = [], $id)
{
$this->$model_var_name->whereId($id)->delete();
}
/**
* @param $id
* @param array $columns
* @return array|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|static[]
*/
public function find($id, $columns = array('*'))
{
$$model_name = $this->$model_var_name->whereId($id)->get($columns);
return $$model_name;
}
/**
* @param $field
* @param $value
* @param array $columns
* @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|static[]
*/
public function findBy($field, $value, $columns = array('*'))
{
$$model_name = $this->$model_var_name->where($field, '=', $value)->get($columns);
return $$model_name;
}
}
模板文件里包括參數(shù)，這些參數(shù)將會(huì)根據(jù)命令行中輸入的參數(shù)和選項(xiàng)被相應(yīng)替換：
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
['$repository_namespace', '$model_namespace', '$repository_interface_namespace', '$repository_interface', '$class_name', '$model_name', '$model_var_name']
Artisan命令生成Repository模板文件
生成Artisan命令并注冊(cè)
Laravel提供了Artisan命令自定義，輸入指令:
php artisan make:console MakeRepositoryCommand
然后改下簽名和描述：
// app/Console/Commands/MakeRepositoryCommand
/**
* The name and signature of the console command.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $signature = 'make:repository {repository} {--model=}';
/**
* The console command description.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $description = 'Make a repository and interface';
這里{repository}是必填參數(shù)并指明(選填參數(shù)加個(gè)?，就和路由參數(shù)一樣)，將會(huì)被$this->argument('repository')方法捕捉到，{--model=}是選項(xiàng)，可填可不填，將會(huì)被$this->option('model')方法捕捉到。填上這個(gè)命令的描述，最后在Console的Kernel里注冊(cè)下命令：
// app/Console/Kernel
protected $commands = [
// Commands\Inspire::class,
// Commands\RedisSubscribe::class,
// Commands\RedisPublish::class,
// Commands\MakeTestRepositoryCommand::class,
Commands\MakeRepositoryCommand::class,
];
然后輸入php artisan命令后就能看到這個(gè)make:repository命令了。
自動(dòng)化生成RepositoryInterface和Repository文件
在MakeRepositoryCommand.php命令執(zhí)行文件里寫(xiě)上模板自動(dòng)生成邏輯，代碼也不長(zhǎng)，有些邏輯也有注釋，可看：
use Config;
use Illuminate\Console\Command;
use Illuminate\Filesystem\Filesystem;
use Illuminate\Support\Composer;
class MakeRepositoryCommand extends Command
{
/**
* The name and signature of the console command.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $signature = 'make:repository {repository} {--model=}';
/**
* The console command description.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $description = 'Make a repository and interface';
/**
* @var
*/
protected $repository;
/**
* @var
*/
protected $model;
/**
* Create a new command instance.
*
* @param Filesystem $filesystem
* @param Composer $composer
*/
public function __construct(Filesystem $filesystem, Composer $composer)
{
parent::__construct();
$this->files = $filesystem;
$this->composer = $composer;
}
/**
* Execute the console command.
*
* @return mixed
*/
public function handle()
{
//獲取repository和model兩個(gè)參數(shù)值
$argument = $this->argument('repository');
$option = $this->option('model');
//自動(dòng)生成RepositoryInterface和Repository文件
$this->writeRepositoryAndInterface($argument, $option);
//重新生成autoload.php文件
$this->composer->dumpAutoloads();
}
private function writeRepositoryAndInterface($repository, $model)
{
if($this->createRepository($repository, $model)){
//若生成成功,則輸出信息
$this->info('Success to make a '.ucfirst($repository).' Repository and a '.ucfirst($repository).'Interface Interface');
}
}
private function createRepository($repository, $model)
{
// getter/setter 賦予成員變量值
$this->setRepository($repository);
$this->setModel($model);
// 創(chuàng)建文件存放路徑, RepositoryInterface放在app/Repositories,Repository個(gè)人一般放在app/Repositories/Eloquent里
$this->createDirectory();
// 生成兩個(gè)文件
return $this->createClass();
}
private function createDirectory()
{
$directory = $this->getDirectory();
//檢查路徑是否存在,不存在創(chuàng)建一個(gè),并賦予775權(quán)限
if(! $this->files->isDirectory($directory)){
return $this->files->makeDirectory($directory, 0755, true);
}
}
private function getDirectory()
{
return Config::get('repository.directory_eloquent_path');
}
private function createClass()
{
//渲染模板文件,替換模板文件中變量值
$templates = $this->templateStub();
$class = null;
foreach ($templates as $key => $template) {
//根據(jù)不同路徑,渲染對(duì)應(yīng)的模板文件
$class = $this->files->put($this->getPath($key), $template);
}
return $class;
}
private function getPath($class)
{
// 兩個(gè)模板文件,對(duì)應(yīng)的兩個(gè)路徑
$path = null;
switch($class){
case 'Eloquent':
$path = $this->getDirectory().DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$this->getRepositoryName().'.php';
break;
case 'Interface':
$path = $this->getInterfaceDirectory().DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$this->getInterfaceName().'.php';
break;
}
return $path;
}
private function getInterfaceDirectory()
{
return Config::get('repository.directory_path');
}
private function getRepositoryName()
{
// 根據(jù)輸入的repository變量參數(shù),是否需要加上'Repository'
$repositoryName = $this->getRepository();
if((strlen($repositoryName) strlen('Repository')) || strrpos($repositoryName, 'Repository', -11)){
$repositoryName .= 'Repository';
}
return $repositoryName;
}
private function getInterfaceName()
{
return $this->getRepositoryName().'Interface';
}
/**
* @return mixed
*/
public function getRepository()
{
return $this->repository;
}
/**
* @param mixed $repository
*/
public function setRepository($repository)
{
$this->repository = $repository;
}
/**
* @return mixed
*/
public function getModel()
{
return $this->model;
}
/**
* @param mixed $model
*/
public function setModel($model)
{
$this->model = $model;
}
private function templateStub()
{
// 獲取兩個(gè)模板文件
$stubs = $this->getStub();
// 獲取需要替換的模板文件中變量
$templateData = $this->getTemplateData();
$renderStubs = [];
foreach ($stubs as $key => $stub) {
// 進(jìn)行模板渲染
$renderStubs[$key] = $this->getRenderStub($templateData, $stub);
}
return $renderStubs;
}
private function getStub()
{
$stubs = [
'Eloquent' => $this->files->get(resource_path('stubs/Repository').DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'Eloquent'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'repository.stub'),
'Interface' => $this->files->get(resource_path('stubs/Repository').DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'repository_interface.stub'),
];
return $stubs;
}
private function getTemplateData()
{
$repositoryNamespace = Config::get('repository.repository_namespace');
$modelNamespace = 'App\\'.$this->getModelName();
$repositoryInterfaceNamespace = Config::get('repository.repository_interface_namespace');
$repositoryInterface = $this->getInterfaceName();
$className = $this->getRepositoryName();
$modelName = $this->getModelName();
$templateVar = [
'repository_namespace' => $repositoryNamespace,
'model_namespace' => $modelNamespace,
'repository_interface_namespace' => $repositoryInterfaceNamespace,
'repository_interface' => $repositoryInterface,
'class_name' => $className,
'model_name' => $modelName,
'model_var_name' => strtolower($modelName),
];
return $templateVar;
}
private function getRenderStub($templateData, $stub)
{
foreach ($templateData as $search => $replace) {
$stub = str_replace('$'.$search, $replace, $stub);
}
return $stub;
}
private function getModelName()
{
$modelName = $this->getModel();
if(isset($modelName) !empty($modelName)){
$modelName = ucfirst($modelName);
}else{
// 若option選項(xiàng)沒(méi)寫(xiě),則根據(jù)repository來(lái)生成Model Name
$modelName = $this->getModelFromRepository();
}
return $modelName;
}
private function getModelFromRepository()
{
$repository = strtolower($this->getRepository());
$repository = str_replace('repository', '', $repository);
return ucfirst($repository);
}
}
這里把一些常量值放在config/repository.php配置文件里了：
?php
/**
* Created by PhpStorm.
* User: liuxiang
* Date: 16/6/22
* Time: 17:06
*/
return [
'directory_path' => 'App'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'Repositories',
'directory_eloquent_path' => 'App'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'Repositories'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'Eloquent',
'repository_namespace' => 'App\Repositories\Eloquent',
'repository_interface_namespace' => 'App\Repositories',
];
運(yùn)行一下看可不可以吧，這里截個(gè)圖：
It is working!!!
是可以生成RepositoryInterface和對(duì)應(yīng)的接口實(shí)現(xiàn)文件，這里一個(gè)是加了--model選項(xiàng)一個(gè)沒(méi)加的，沒(méi)加的話這里第一個(gè)指令就默認(rèn)Model的名稱是Shop。
生成的文件內(nèi)容不截圖了，看下新生成的ShopRepository.php文件，的確是我想要的模板文件：
?php
/**
* Created by PhpStorm.
* User: liuxiang
*/
namespace App\Repositories\Eloquent;
use App\Shop;
use App\Repositories\ShopRepositoryInterface;
class ShopRepository implements ShopRepositoryInterface
{
/**
* @var \App\Shop
*/
public $shop;
public function __construct(Shop $shop)
{
$this->shop = $shop;
}
/**
* @param array $columns
* @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|static[]
*/
public function all($columns = array('*'))
{
return $this->shop->all($columns);
}
/**
* @param int $perPage
* @param array $columns
* @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator
*/
public function paginate($perPage = 15, $columns = array('*'))
{
return $this->shop->paginate($perPage, $columns);
}
/**
* Create a new shop
* @param array $data
* @return \App\Shop
*/
public function create(array $data)
{
return $this->shop->create($data);
}
/**
* Update a shop
* @param array $data
* @param $id
* @return \App\Shop
*/
public function update($data = [], $id)
{
return $this->shop->whereId($id)->update($data);
}
/**
* Store a shop
* @param array $data
* @return \App\Shop
*/
public function store($data = [])
{
$this->shop->id = $data['id'];
//...
$this->shop->save();
}
/**
* Delete a shop
* @param array $data
* @param $id
* @return \App\Shop
*/
public function delete($data = [], $id)
{
$this->shop->whereId($id)->delete();
}
/**
* @param $id
* @param array $columns
* @return array|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|static[]
*/
public function find($id, $columns = array('*'))
{
$Shop = $this->shop->whereId($id)->get($columns);
return $Shop;
}
/**
* @param $field
* @param $value
* @param array $columns
* @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|static[]
*/
public function findBy($field, $value, $columns = array('*'))
{
$Shop = $this->shop->where($field, '=', $value)->get($columns);
return $Shop;
}
}
總結(jié)：本文主要用Laravel的Artisan命令來(lái)自動(dòng)生成個(gè)人需要的模板，減少平時(shí)開(kāi)發(fā)中重復(fù)勞動(dòng)。就像Laravel自帶了很多模板生成命令，用起來(lái)會(huì)節(jié)省很多時(shí)間。這是作者在平時(shí)開(kāi)發(fā)中遇到的問(wèn)題，通過(guò)利用Laravel Artisan命令解決了，所以Laravel還是挺好玩的。有興趣的可以把代碼扒下來(lái)玩一玩，并根據(jù)你自己想要的模板做修改。這兩天想就Repository模式封裝Model邏輯的方法和好處聊一聊，到時(shí)見(jiàn)。希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家
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